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Victor A. Levin, M.D.

Present Title & Affiliation

Primary Appointment

Professor, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Bernard W. Biedenharn Chair for Cancer Research, Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Bio Statement

Victor A. Levin, M.D.is a world-renowned expert in brain tumor research and treatment. Dr. Levin has authored almost 400 publications in his 40-year research career. He developed and edited a multidisciplinary textbook of neuro-oncology titled Cancer in the Nervous System. He is likely responsible for coining the term "neuro-oncology". Dr. Levin is the founder and first president (1995-97) of the Society for Neuro-Oncology.

Research Interests

Dr. Victor Levin is widely respected for his early studies defining the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid as well as chemoradiation and chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of gliomas. His research expertise is in experimental therapeutics, tyrosine kinase regulation, polyamine synthesis inhibitors, 3-dimensional agarose colony formation, reverse protein lysate arrays, fluorescence microscopy, and pharmacokinetics and drug effect modeling.He has a long term committment to develop drug combinations to potentiate anti-tumor effects on ornithine decarboxylase and Src-kinases and to better understand their interplay and impact on signaling proteins and their phosphorylation patterns.

Also, he has supported clinical research efforts to ameliorate the quality of life of brain tumor patients. These efforts led to studies that showed the ability of methylphenidate to improve neurocognitive function, thereby improving the quality of life of brain tumor patients and the development of quality of life rating questionaires.

Clinical Interests

Dr. Levin has developed many chemotherapy and chemoradiation regimens for the treatment of primary brain tumors, especially glioblastoma multiforme.

Office Address

The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
1515 Holcombe Blvd.
Unit Number: 431
Houston, TX 77030
Room Number: FC7.3024
Phone: (713) 792-8297
Fax: (713) 794-4999
Email: vlevin@mdanderson.org

Education & Training

Degree-Granting Education

1966 University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, MD, Medicine
1963 University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, BS, Pre-Medicine

Postgraduate Training

1971-1972 NINDS Special Fellow, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Dr. Raymond Adams
1969-1972 Resident, Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Dr. Raymond Adams
1967-1969 Staff Associate, Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Chem Pharmacology and Office of Associate Scientific Director, Bethesda, MD, Dr. David Rall

Board Certifications

4/1976 Neurology

Experience/Service

Military or Other Governmental Service

Staff Associate, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology and Office of the Associate Scientific Director, US Public Health Service, 1967-1969

Institutional Committee Activities

Invited Member, Institutional Conflict of Interest Workgroup, 7/2009-present
Member, Conflict of Interest Blue Ribbon Policy Committee, 4/2009-present
Member, Mobile Computing Devices Advisory Group, 2008-present
Member, Executive Advisory Board, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 2008-present
Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, 2007-present
Member, Conflict of Interest Committee, 2006-present

Honors and Awards

2005-present Listing in America's Top Doctors for Cancer, Castle Connolly Medical LTD.
2005-present Who's Who in America, Marquis Who's Who
2002 Gold Medal Award for Extraordinary Achievement, Society for Neuro-Oncology
2001-present Listing in America’s Top Doctors, Castle Connolly Medical LTD.
2001 Anne C. Brooks Award, Dept of Neurosurgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
2001 Burkhardt Visiting Lecture Award, The Cleveland Clinic
1999 Gerry Pencer Memorial Lecture, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto
1997 Heath Memorial Award for Cancer Care, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
1997 The First Annual Takao Hoshino Lecturer, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California - San Francisco
1997 The First Annual Takao Hoshino Lectureship in Japan, Japan Neurological Society
1996 The Best Doctors In America, American Health Magaznine
1993 Masters in Oncology Series Visiting Professor, University of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center
1992-2008 Best Doctors in America, Best Doctors
1992-1995 400 Best Cancer Doctors, Good Housekeeping Magazine
1991 Fred Plum Lecturer, University of Washington School of Medicine
1990 David A. Frommer Memorial Lecture in Neuro-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
1990 Visiting Professorship, Marshfield Clinic
1988 Farber Foundation Award in Neuro-Oncology, Farber Foundation
1987 Distinguished Lecturer, Hipple Cancer Research Center and Dayton Oncology Society
1987 Stanley N. Gore Memorial Lecture, 7th International Conference on Brain Tumor Research and Therapy
1985 Guy Odom Lecturer, Duke University
1982 Medal, Medical Faculty of Tokyo University
1977-1981 American Cancer Society Faculty Award, American Cancer Society
1961 Phi Kappa Phi, University of Wisconsin
1956-1957 Eagle & Explorer Scout Silver Award, Boy Scouts of America

Professional Memberships

American Academy of Neurology
Farber Neuro-Oncology Award Committee, 1992-1993
American Academy of Neurology
Member, 1970-present
American Association of Cancer Research
Member, 1969-present
American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Member, Farber Neuro-Oncology Award Committee, 1993-2000
American Association of Neurological Surgeons & Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Adjunct member, Joint Section on Tumors, 1990-present
American Society of Clinical Oncology
Program Committee, 1991
American Society of Clinical Oncology
Member, 1989-present
National Brain Tumor Foundation
Scientific Advisory Board, 1986-present
Physicians Data Query (PDQ)
Member, Extramural Board, 1989-1997
Society of Neuro-Oncology
Member, 1995-present
Society of Neuro-Oncology
Founder, First President, 1995-1997

Selected Publications

Peer-Reviewed Original Research Articles
1. Levin VA, Fenstermacher JD, Patlak CS. Sucrose and insulin space measurements of cerebral cortex in four mammalian species. Am J Physiol 219:1528-33, 11/1970. PMID: 4990676.
2. Milhorat TH, Hammock MK, Fenstermacher JD, Levin VA. Cerebrospinal fluid production by the choroid plexus and brain. Science 173(994):330-2, 7/1971. PMID: 4997797.
3. Levin VA, Milhorat TH, Fenstermacher JD, Hammock MK, Rall DP. Physiological studies on the development of obstructive hydrocephalus in the monkey. Neurology 21(3):238-46, 3/1971. PMID: 4997957.
4. Levin V, Patlak CS. A compartmental analysis of 24 Na kinetics in rat cerebrum, sciatic nerve and cerebrospinal fluid. J Physiol 224(3):559-81, 8/1972. PMID: 5071930.
5. Levin VA, Chelmicka-Szorc E, Arnason BG. Peripheral nerve segmental demyelination induced by intraneural diphtheria toxin injection. Sodium Na 24 and carbon 14-labeled inulin kinetics in diphtheria toxin-injected nerve and the effect of hydrocortisone. Arch Neurol 30(2):163-8, 2/1974. PMID: 4810894.
6. Levin VA, Freeman-Dove M, Landahl HD. Permeability characteristics of brain adjacent to tumors in rats. Arch Neurol 32(12):785-91, 12/1975. PMID: 1203030.
7. Levin VA, Hoffman W, Weinkam RJ. Pharmacokinetics of BCNU in man: a preliminary study of 20 patients. Cancer Treat Rep 62(9):1305-12, 9/1978. PMID: 688274.
8. Levin VA, Kabra PA, Freeman-Dove MA. Relationship of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) pharmacokinetics of uptake, distribution, and tissue/plasma partitioning in rat organs and intracerebral tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1(4):233-42, 1978. PMID: 750110.
9. Hoffman WF, Levin VA, Wilson CB. Evaluation of malignant glioma patients during the postirradiation period. J Neurosurg 50(5):624-8, 5/1979. PMID: 430157.
10. Levin VA, Hoffman WF, Heilbron DC, Norman D. Prognostic significance of the pretreatment CT scan on time to progression for patients with malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg 52(5):642-7, 5/1980. PMID: 7373391.
11. Levin VA, Patlak CS, Landahl HD. Heuristic modeling of drug delivery to malignant brain tumors. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 8(3):257-96, 6/1980. PMID: 7420270.
12. Levin VA. Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability. J Med Chem 23(6):682-4, 6/1980. PMID: 7392035.
13. Levin VA, Liu J, Weinkam RJ. Comparative pharmacokinetics of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-1-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea in rats and patients and extrapolation to clinical trials. Cancer Res 41(9 Pt 1):3475-7, 9/1981. PMID: 7020928.
14. Levin VA, Csejtey J, Byrd DJ. Brain, CSF, and tumor pharmacokinetics of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in rats and dogs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 10(3):196-9, 1983. PMID: 6407769.
15. Levin VA, Resser KJ, McGrath L, Vestnys P, Nutik S, Wilson CB. PCNU treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas. Cancer Treat Rep 68(7-8):969-73, 7/1984. PMID: 6744348.
16. Levin, VA, Dolginow D, Landahl HD, Yorke C, Csejtey J. Relationship of octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to cellular permeability and partitioning in S49 lymphoma cells. Pharm Res 6:259-266, 6/1984.
17. Levin VA, Edwards MS, Gutin PH, Vestnys P, Fulton D, Seager M, Wilson CB. Phase II evaluation of dibromodulcitol in the treatment of recurrent medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and malignant astrocytoma. J Neurosurg 61(6):1063-8, 12/1984. PMID: 6502234.
18. Levin VA, Byrd D, Campbell J, Davis RL, Borcich JK. CNS toxicity and CSF pharmacokinetics of intraventricular DFMO and MGBG in beagle dogs. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 13(3):200-5, 1984. PMID: 6435895.
19. Levin VA, Byrd D, Campbell J, Giannini DD, Borcich JK, Davis RL. Central nervous system toxicity and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intraventricular 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)ethyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitro soureas and other nitrosoureas in beagles. Cancer Res 45(8):3803-9, 8/1985. PMID: 3860287.
20. Levin VA, Wara WM, Davis RL, Vestnys P, Resser KJ, Yatsko K, Nutik S, Gutin PH, Wilson CB. Phase III comparison of BCNU and the combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine administered after radiotherapy with hydroxyurea for malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg 63(2):218-23, 8/1985. PMID: 2991486.
21. Levin VA, Landahl HD. Pharmacokinetic approaches to drug distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid based on ventricular administration in beagle dogs. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 13(4):387-403, 8/1985. PMID: 3936919.
22. Levin VA, Wara WM, Davis RL, Silver P, Resser KJ, Yatsko K, Nutik S, Gutin PH, Wilson CB. Northern California Oncology Group protocol 6G91: response to treatment with radiation therapy and seven-drug chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Treat Rep 70(6):739-43, 6/1986. PMID: 3015402.
23. Choucair AK, Levin VA, Gutin PH, Davis RL, Silver P, Edwards MS, Wilson CB. Development of multiple lesions during radiation therapy and chemotherapy in patients with gliomas. J Neurosurg 65(5):654-8, 11/1986. PMID: 3021931.
24. Murovic J, Turowski K, Wilson CB, Hoshino T, Levin V. Computerized tomography in the prognosis of malignant cerebral gliomas. J Neurosurg 65(6):799-806, 12/1986. PMID: 3021932.
25. Choucair AK, Silver P, Levin VA. Risk of intracranial hemorrhage in glioma patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. J Neurosurg 66(3):357-8, 3/1987. PMID: 3819830.
26. Levin VA, Chamberlain MC, Prados MD, Choucair AK, Berger MS, Silver P, Seager M, Gutin PH, Davis RL, Wilson CB. Phase I-II study of eflornithine and mitoguazone combined in the treatment of recurrent primary brain tumors. Cancer Treat Rep 71(5):459-64, 5/1987. PMID: 3105881.
27. Levin VA, Rodriguez LA, Edwards MS, Wara W, Liu HC, Fulton D, Davis RL, Wilson CB, Silver P. Treatment of medulloblastoma with procarbazine, hydroxyurea, and reduced radiation doses to whole brain and spine. J Neurosurg 68(3):383-7, 3/1988. PMID: 3343610.
28. Rodriguez LA, Prados M, Fulton D, Edwards MS, Silver P, Levin V. Treatment of recurrent brain stem gliomas and other central nervous system tumors with 5-fluorouracil, CCNU, hydroxyurea, and 6-mercaptopurine. Neurosurgery 22(4):691-3, 4/1988. PMID: 3374780.
29. Levin VA, Chamberlain M, Silver P, Rodriguez L, Prados M. Phase I/II study of intraventricular and intrathecal ACNU for leptomeningeal neoplasia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 23(5):301-7, 1989. PMID: 2706735.
30. Prados M, Rodriguez L, Chamberlain M, Silver P, Levin V. Treatment of recurrent gliomas with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Neurosurgery 24(6):806-9, 6/1989. PMID: 2546093.
31. Levin VA, Silver P, Hannigan J, Wara WM, Gutin PH, Davis RL, Wilson CB. Superiority of post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18(2):321-4, 2/1990. PMID: 2154418.
32. Chamberlain MC, Levin VA. Adjuvant chemotherapy for primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 47(10):1113-6, 10/1990. PMID: 2222244.
33. Petronio J, Edwards MS, Prados M, Freyberger S, Rabbitt J, Silver P, Levin VA. Management of chiasmal and hypothalamic gliomas of infancy and childhood with chemotherapy. J Neurosurg 74(5):701-8, 5/1991. PMID: 1901597.
34. Phillips TL, Levin VA, Ahn DK, Gutin PH, Davis RL, Wilson CB, Prados MD, Wara WM, Flam MS. Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine in glioblastoma multiforme: a Northern California Cancer Center Phase II study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21(3):709-14, 8/1991. PMID: 1651306.
35. Levin VA, Prados MD. Treatment of recurrent gliomas and metastatic brain tumors with a polydrug protocol designed to combat nitrosourea resistance. J Clin Oncol 10(5):766-71, 5/1992. PMID: 1314890.
36. Levin VA, Prados MD, Yung WK, Gleason MJ, Ictech S, Malec M. Treatment of recurrent gliomas with eflornithine. J Natl Cancer Inst 84(18):1432-7, 9/1992. PMID: 1380989.
37. Shrieve DC, Wara WM, Edwards MS, Sneed PK, Prados MD, Cogen PH, Larson DA, Levin VA. Hyperfractionated radiation therapy for gliomas of the brainstem in children and in adults. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24(4):599-610, 1992. PMID: 1429081.
38. Chamberlain MC, Levin VA. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a role for adjuvant chemotherapy. J Neurooncol 14(3):271-5, 11/1992. PMID: 1460490.
39. Saya H, Lee PS, Nishi T, Izawa I, Nakajima M, Gallick GE, Levin VA. Bacterial expression of an active tyrosine kinase from a protein A/truncated c-src fusion protein. FEBS Lett 327(2):224-30, 7/1993. PMID: 7687570.
40. Prados MD, Wara WM, Edwards MS, Larson DA, Lamborn K, Levin VA. The treatment of brain stem and thalamic gliomas with 78 Gy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32(1):85-91, 4/1995. PMID: 7619124.
41. Levin VA, Prados MR, Wara WM, Davis RL, Gutin PH, Phillips TL, Lamborn K, Wilson CB. Radiation therapy with bromodeoxyuridine followed by CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy for the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32:75-83, 4/1995. PMID: 7721642.
42. Levin VA, Maor MH, Thall PF, Yung WK, Bruner J, Sawaya R, Kyritsis AP, Leeds N, Woo S, Rodriguez L, et al. Phase II study of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy with carboplatin followed by vincristine chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33(2):357-64, 9/1995. PMID: 7673023.
43. Weitzner MA, Meyers CA, Gelke CK, Byrne KS, Cella DF, Levin VA. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale. Development of a brain subscale and revalidation of the general version (FACT-G) in patients with primary brain tumors. Cancer 75(5):1151-61, 3/1995. PMID: 7850714.
44. Kyritsis AP, Yung WK, Jaeckle KA, Bruner J, Gleason MJ, Ictech SE, Flowers A, Levin VA. Combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Neurosurgery 39(5):921-6, 11/1996. PMID: 8905746.
45. Yung WK, Kyritsis AP, Gleason MJ, Levin VA. Treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas with high-dose 13-cis-retinoic acid. Clin Cancer Res 2(12):1931-5, 12/1996. PMID: 9816151.
46. Prados MD, Wara W, Edwards MS, Ater J, Rabbit J, Lamborn K, Davis R, Levin VA. Treatment of high-risk medulloblastoma and other primitive neuroectodermal tumors with reduced dose craniospinal radiation therapy and multi-agent nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. Pediatr Neurosurg 25(4):174-81, 10/1996. PMID: 9293544.
47. Kaba SE, Kyritsis AP, Hess K, Yung WK, Mercier R, Dakhil S, Jaeckle KA, Levin VA. TPDC-FuHu chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent metastatic brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 15(3):1063-70, 3/1997. PMID: 9060546.
48. Prados MD, Edwards MS, Rabbitt J, Lamborn K, Davis RL, Levin VA. Treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas with a nitrosourea-based multiagent chemotherapy regimen. J Neurooncol 32(3):235-41, 5/1997. PMID: 9049885.
49. Prados MD, Larson DA, Lamborn K, McDermott MW, Sneed PK, Wara WM, Chang SM, Mack EE, Krouwer HG, Chandler KL, Warnick RE, Davis RL, Rabbitt JE, Malec M, Levin VA, Gutin PH, Phillips TL, Wilson CB. Radiation therapy and hydroxyurea followed by the combination of 6-thioguanine and BCNU for the treatment of primary malignant brain tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40(1):57-63, 1998. PMID: 9422558.
50. Meyers CA, Weitzner MA, Valentine AD, Levin VA. Methylphenidate therapy improves cognition, mood, and function of brain tumor patients. J Clin Oncol 16(7):2522-7, 7/1998. PMID: 9667273.
51. Yung WK, Prados MD, Yaya-Tur R, Rosenfeld SS, Brada M, Friedman HS, Albright R, Olson J, Chang SM, O'Neill AM, Friedman AH, Bruner J, Yue N, Dugan M, Zaknoen S, Levin VA. Multicenter phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma at first relapse. Temodal Brain Tumor Group. J Clin Oncol 17:2762-71, 1999. PMID: 10561351.
52. Groves MD, Maor MH, Meyers C, Kyritsis AP, Jaeckle KA, Yung WK, Sawaya RE, Hess K, Bruner JM, Peterson P, Levin VA. A phase II trial of high-dose bromodeoxyuridine with accelerated fractionation radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45:127-35, 1999. PMID: 10477016.
53. Meyers CA, Hess KR, Yung WK, Levin VA. Cognitive function as a predictor of survival in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. J Clin Oncol 18:646-50, 2000. PMID: 10653880.
54. Levin VA, Lamborn K, Wara W, Davis R, Edwards M, Rabbitt J, Malec M, Prados MD. Phase II study of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, dibromodulcitol, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy with radiotherapy for treating malignant glioma in children. Neuro-oncol 2:22-8, 2000. PMID: 11302250.
55. Yung WK, Albright RE, Olson J, Fredericks R, Fink K, Prados MD, Brada M, Spence A, Hohl RJ, Shapiro W, Glantz M, Greenberg H, Selker RG, Vick NA, Rampling R, Friedman H, Phillips P, Bruner J, Yue N, Osoba D, Zaknoen S, Levin VA. A phase II study of temozolomide vs. procarbazine in patients with glioblastoma multiforme at first relapse. Br J Cancer 83:588-93, 2000. PMID: 10944597.
56. Kumar AJ, Leeds NE, Fuller GN, Van Tassel P, Maor MH, Sawaya RE, Levin VA. Malignant gliomas: MR imaging spectrum of radiation therapy- and chemotherapy-induced necrosis of the brain after treatment. Radiology 217:377-84, 2000. PMID: 11058631.
57. Levin VA, Uhm JH, Jaeckle KA, Choucair A, Flynn PJ, Yung WKA, Prados MD, Bruner JM, Chang SM, Kyritsis AP, Gleason MJ, Hess KR. Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with alpha-difluoromethylornithine-procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, vincristine (DFMO-PCV) versus PCV for glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res 6:3878-84, 2000. PMID: 11051233.
58. Bodell WJ, Giannini DD, Hassenbusch S, Levin VA. Levels of N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine as a molecular dosimeter of drug delivery to human brain tumors. Neuro-oncol 3:241-5, 2001. PMID: 11584893.
59. Groves MD, Puduvalli VK, Hess KR, Jaeckle KA, Peterson P, Yung WK, Levin VA. Phase II trial of temozolomide plus the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, marimastat, in recurrent and progressive glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Oncol 20:1383-8, 2002. PMID: 11870183.
60. Levin VA, Hess KR, Choucair A, Flynn PJ, Jaeckle KA, Kyritsis AP, Yung WK, Prados MD, Bruner JM, Ictech S, Gleason MJ, Kim HW. Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with combination alpha-difluoromethylornithine-PCV versus PCV for anaplastic gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 9:981-90, 2003. PMID: 12631596.
61. Chang EL, Yi W, Allen PK, Levin VA, Sawaya RE, Maor MH. Hypofractionated radiotherapy for elderly or younger low-performance status glioblastoma patients: outcome and prognostic factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 56:519-28, 2003. PMID: 12738329.
62. Bodell WJ, Giannini DD, Singh S, Pietronigro D, Levin VA. Formation of DNA adducts and tumor growth delay following intratumoral administration of DTI-015. J Neurooncol 62:251-8, 2003. PMID: 12777076.
63. Hassenbusch SJ, Nardone EM, Levin VA, Leeds N, Pietronigro D. Stereotactic injection of DTI-015 into recurrent malignant gliomas: phase I/II trial. Neoplasia 5:9-16, 2003. PMID: 12659665.
64. See SJ, Levin VA, Yung WK, Hess KR, Groves MD. 13-cis-retinoic acid in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neuro-oncol 6:253-8, 2004. PMID: 15279718.
65. Levin VA, Jochec JL, Shantz LM, Koch PE, Pegg AE. Tissue-based assay for ornithine decarboxylase to identify patients likely to respond to difluoromethylornithine. J Histochem Cytochem 52:1467-74, 2004. PMID: 15505341.
66. Levin VA, Giglio P, Puduvalli VK, Jochec J, Groves MD, Yung WK, Hess K. Combination chemotherapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid and celecoxib in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 78:85-90, 2006. PMID: 16391896.
67. Levin VA, Phuphanich S, Yung WK, Forsyth PA, Maestro RD, Perry JR, Fuller GN, Baillet M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of marimastat in glioblastoma multiforme patients following surgery and irradiation. J Neurooncol 78:295-302, 2006. PMID: 16636750.
68. Levin VA, Tada K, Mircean C. Use of Lysate Arrays to Understand Signal Transduction Inhibitors in Cultured Cells. Clinical Proteomics 2:33-44, 2006.
69. Gonzalez J, Kumar AJ, Conrad CA, Levin VA. Effect of Bevacizumab on radiation necrosis of the brain. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 67(2):323-326, 2007. PMID: 17236958.
70. Levin VA, Ictech S, Hess KR. Impact of phase II trials with progression-free survival as end-points on survival-based phase III studies in patients with anaplastic gliomas. BMC Cancer 7:106, 2007. PMCID: PMC1919386.
71. Shantz LM, Levin VA. Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase during oncogenic transformation: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Amino Acid 33(2):213-223, 2007. e-Pub 4/2007. PMID: 17443268.
72. Levin VA, Jochec JL, Shantz LM, Hess KR, Aldape KD. Relationship between ornithine decarboxylase levels in anaplastic gliomas and progression-free survival in patients treated with DFMO-PCV chemotherapy. Int J Oncology 121(10):2279-2283, 2007. PMID: 17582600.
73. Puduvalli VK, Giglio P, Groves MD, Hess KR, Gilbert MR, Mahankali S, Jackson SF, Levin VA, Conrad CA, Hsu SH, Colman H, DeGroot JF, Ritterhouse MG, Ictech SE, Yung WKA. Phase II trial of irinotecan and thalidomide in adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neuro-Oncology 10(2):216-222, 4/2008. e-Pub 2/2008. PMCID: PMC2613824.
74. Clarke JW, Chang EL, Levin VA, Mayr NA, Hong E, Cavaliere R, Lo SS. Optimizing radiotherapy schedules for elderly glioblastoma multiforme patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 8(5):733-41, 5/2008. PMID: 18471046.
75. Scheurer ME, El-Zein R, Thompson PA, Aldape KD, Levin VA, Gilbert MR, Weinberg JS, Bondy ML. Long-term anti-inflammatory and antihistamine medication use and adult glioma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17(5):1277-81, 5/2008. PMID: 18483351.
76. Kajiwara Y, Panchabhai S, Levin V. A new preclinical 3-dimensional agarose colony formation assay. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 7(4):329-334, 8/2008. PMID: 18642971.
77. de Groot JF, Gilbert MR, Aldape K, Hess KR, Hanna TA, Ictech S, Groves MD, Conrad C, Colman H, Puduvalli VK, Levin V, Yung WK. Phase II study of carboplatin and erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI-774) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 90(1):89-97, 10/2008. e-Pub 6/2008. PMID: 18581057.
78. Kajiwara Y, Panchabhai S, Liu D, Kong M, Lee J, Levin V. Melding a New 3-Dimensional Agarose Colony Assay with the Emax Model to determine the effects of drug combinations on cancer cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 8(2):163-176, 4/2009. e-Pub 4/2009. PMID: 19334798.
79. Levin V, Panchabhai S, Shen L, Kornblau S, Qiu Y, Baggerly K. Different Changes in Protein and Phosphoprotein Levels Result from Serum Starvation of High-Grade Glioma and Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Journal of Proteome Research. In Press.
80. Groves MD, Puduvalli VK, Gilbert MR, Levin VA, Conrad CA, Liu VH, Hunter K, Meyers CA, Hess KR, Yung WKA. Two phase II Trials of temozolomide with interferon-a2b (pegylated and non-pegylated) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer 101:615-620, 8/2009.
81. Kyritsis AP, Bondy ML, Levin VA. Modulation of glioma risk and progression by dietary nutrients and anti-inflammatory agents. Nutrition & Cancer. Submitted.
82. Levin VA, Didaut L, Hou P, Humar AJ, Wefel JS, Bekele BN, Prabhu S, Loghin ME, Gilbert MR, Jackson EF. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bevacizumab therapy for radiation necrosis of the CNS. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys. Submitted.
83. Levin VA, Hess KR, Choucair A, Flynn PJ, Jaeckle KA, Kyritsis AP, Yung WKA, Prados MD, Bruner JM, Ictech S. Final Report of DM92-035, a Phase III Randomized Study of Post-Irradiation PCV versus DFMO-PCV for Anaplastic Gliomas. J Clin Oncol. Submitted.

Invited Articles
1. Levin VA. Basis and importance of Src as a target in cancer. Cancer Treat Res 119:89-119, 2004. PMID: 15164875.
2. Budde, RJ, McMurray JS, Saya H, Gallick GE, Levin VA. Discovery, development, and testing of substrates and inhibitors of pp60c-src. Pharmaceutical Biology 33:27-34, 1995.

Book Chapters
1. Levin, VA, Sheline GE, Gutin PH. Neoplasms of the central nervous system. In: Cancer. Principles and Practice of Oncology. J.B. Lippincott, 1557-1579, 1989.
2. Levin VA, Kyritsis A. Gliomas, medulloblastoma, and CNS germ cell tumors. In: Textbook of Medical Oncology. Martin Dunitz, 493-520, 2000.
3. Levin, VA, Leibel SA, Gutin PH. Neoplasms of the central nervous system. In: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 2100-2160. Lippincott-Raven, 2001.
4. Levin VA. Are gliomas preventable? In: Recent Results Cancer Res: Cancer Prevention. 174, Ch 18. Ed(s) HJ Senn, U Kapp. Springer: New York, 205-15, 2007. PMCID: PMC17302198.
5. Levin VA, Groves MD, and Forman AD. Intraventricular and Intraventricular Therapy. In: The Chemotherapy Source Book. Ch. 8, Fourth. Ed(s) MC Perry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 65-74, 2008.
6. Forman AD, Meyers CA, Levin VA. Neurotoxic Effects of Pharmaceutical Agents IV: Cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In: Clinical Neurotoxicology: Syndromes, Substances, Environments. Ed(s) MR Dobbs. Elsevier: Massachuets, 372-381, 2009. PMID: 978-0-323-05260-3.
7. Wu J, Levin V. Radiation necrosis in central nervous system. In: Controversies in Neuro-Oncology. Ed(s) TC Chen, MC Chamberlain. Bentham Books. In Press.

Books (edited and written)
1. Levin VA. Cancer in the Nervous System., Second. Oxford University Press: New York, New York, www.soc-neuro-onc.org/cnt/docs/CNSTxtBook.pdf, e-Book 2002. PMID: 0-19-513728-0.

Letters to the Editor
1. Levin VA. Insurance reform could improve access to care. Houston Chronicle:B1 & B11, www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/editorial/otulook/6574075.html, 8/2009. e-Pub 8/2009.

Last updated: 10/1/2009