Theocharis Panaretakis, Ph.D.
Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Associate Professor, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Associate Professor, Department of Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
Dual/Joint/Adjunct Appointment
Associate Professor, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Associate Professor, Department of Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
2003 | Karolinska Institutet, Solnavagen, US, Experimental Oncology, Ph.D |
1997 | University of Sussex, Falmer, GB, Biochemistry, BS |
Postgraduate Training
2006-2008 | Research Fellowship, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif |
2004-2006 | Research Fellowship, Karonliska Institutet, Stockholm |
Experience & Service
Academic Appointments
Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2017 - 2019
Principal investigator, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 2010 - 2016
Assistant Professor, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 2009 - 2009
Honors & Awards
Young Investigator Award, Swedish Cancer Society | |
Future Academic Leaders, Karolinska Institutet | |
Best Scientific Article, Karolinska Institutet | |
Strategy 2018, Karolinska Institutet |
Professional Memberships
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Koutroumpakis E, Venkatesh N, Aparicio A, Song J, Panaretakis T, Deswal A, Logothetis CJ, Frigo DE, Hahn AW. Leptin levels are associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Oncologist None(None):None, 2024. PMID: 39557398.
- Yu G, Corn PG, Mak CSL, Liang X, Zhang M, Troncoso P, Song JH, Lin SC, Song X, Liu J, Zhang J, Logothetis CJ, Melancon MP, Panaretakis T, Wang G, Lin SH. Prostate cancer-induced endothelial-cell-to-osteoblast transition drives immunosuppression in the bone-tumor microenvironment through Wnt pathway-induced M2 macrophage polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121(33):e2402903121, 2024. PMID: 39102549.
- Pan T, Liu F, Hao X, Wang S, Wasi M, Song JH, Lewis VO, Lin PP, Moon B, Bird JE, Panaretakis T, Lin SH, Wu D, Farach-Carson MC, Wang L, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang XH, Satcher RL. BIGH3 mediates apoptosis and gap junction failure in osteocytes during renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis progression. Cancer Lett 596:217009, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 38849015.
- Lin SC, Yu G, Corn PG, Damasco J, Lee YC, Song JH, Navone NM, Logothetis CJ, Melancon MP, Panaretakis T, Lin SH. Radium-223 Treatment Produces Prolonged Suppression of Resident Osteoblasts and Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Trabecular Bone in Osteoblast Reporter Mice. Cancers (Basel) 16(14), 2024. PMID: 39061241.
- Hahn AW, Tidwell RS, Pilie PG, Yu Y, Liu J, Surasi DS, Titus M, Zhang J, Venkatesh N, Panaretakis T, Gregg JR, Zurita AJ, Siddiqui BA, Corn PG, Subudhi SK, Msaouel P, Koutroumpakis E, Huff CD, Aparicio A, McQuade JL, Frigo DE, Logothetis CJ. Body composition as a determinant of the therapeutic index with androgen signaling inhibition. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis None(None):None, 2024. PMID: 39019979.
- Gentile E, Hahn AW, Song JH, Hoang A, Shepherd PDA, Ramachandran S, Navone NM, Efstathiou E, Titus M, Corn PG, Lin SH, Logothetis CJ, Panaretakis T. Monitoring Glucocorticoid Receptor in plasma derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Marker of Resistance to Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibition in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res Commun 3(12):2531-2543, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37930121.
- Yu G, Corn PG, Mak CSL, Liang X, Zhang M, Troncoso P, Song JH, Lin SC, Song X, Liu J, Zhang J, Logothetis CJ, Melancon MP, Panaretakis T, Wang G, Lin SH. Prostate cancer-induced endothelial-to-osteoblast transition generates an immunosuppressive bone tumor microenvironment. bioRxiv, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 38076845.
- Gentile, E, Hahn, AW, Song, J, Hoang, A, Shepherd, P, Ramachandran, S, Navone, NM, Efstathiou, E, Titus, M, Corn, P, Lin, S, Logothetis, CJ, Panaretakis, T. Monitoring Glucocorticoid Receptor in Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Marker of Resistance to Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibition in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Research Communications 3(12):2531-2543, 2023. PMID: 37930121.
- Sakellakis MJ, Hahn AW, Ramachandran S, Zhang M, Hoang A, Song JH, Liu J, Wang F, Basu HS, Sheperd P, Wang X, Frigo DE, Lin SH, Panaretakis T, Zhang J, Navone N, Troncoso P, Logothetis CJ, Titus MA. Characterization of prostate cancer adrenal metastases: dependence upon androgen receptor signaling and steroid hormones. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 26(4):751-758, 2023. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36100698.
- Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Veroutis D, Theocharous G, Lagopati N, Gentile E, Stravokefalou V, Thanos DF, Havaki S, Kletsas D, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Stellas D, Petty R, Blandino G, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis VG. A GATA2-CDC6 axis modulates androgen receptor blockade-induced senescence in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 42(1):187, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37507762.
- Vardaki I, Özcan SS, Fonseca P, Lin SH, Logothetis CJ, Yachnin J, Ullen A, Panaretakis T. Transcriptomic analysis of plasma exosomes provides molecular information of response to cabazitaxel treatment in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 83(10):950-961, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37074030.
- Lin, S, Yu, G, Lee, Y, Song, J, Song, X, Zhang, J, Panaretakis, T, Logothetis, CJ, Komatsu, Y, Yu-Lee, LY, Wang, G, Lin, S. Endothelial-to-osteoblast transition in normal mouse bone development. iScience 26(2), 2023. PMID: 36798441.
- Yu G, Corn PG, Shen P, Song JH, Lee YC, Lin SC, Pan J, Agarwal SK, Panaretakis T, Pacifici M, Logothetis CJ, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Retinoic acid receptor activation reduces metastatic prostate cancer bone lesions by blocking the endothelial-to-osteoblast transition. Cancer Res 82(17):3158-3171, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35802768.
- Chioureas D, Beck J, Baltatzis G, Vardaki I, Fonseca P, Tsesmetzis N, Vega F, Leventaki V, Eliopoulos AG, Drakos E, Rassidakis GZ, Panaretakis T. ALK+ Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)-Derived Exosomes Carry ALK Signaling Proteins and Interact with Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 14(12), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35740600.
- Lee YC, Lin SC, Yu G, Zhu M, Song JH, Rivera K, Pappin DJ, Logothetis CJ, Panaretakis T, Wang G, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Prostate tumor-induced stromal reprogramming generates Tenascin C that promotes prostate cancer metastasis through YAP/TAZ inhibition. Oncogene 41(6):757-769, 2022. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34845375.
- Pan T, Lin SC, Lee YC, Yu G, Song JH, Pan J, Titus M, Satcher RL, Panaretakis T, Logothetis C, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Statins reduce castration-induced bone marrow adiposity and prostate cancer progression in bone. Oncogene 40(27):4592-4603, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34127814.
- Vardaki I, Corn P, Gentile E, Song JH, Madan N, Hoang A, Parikh N, Guerra L, Lee YC, Lin SC, Yu G, Santos E, Melancon MP, Troncoso P, Navone N, Gallick GE, Efstathiou E, Subudhi SK, Lin SH, Logothetis CJ, Panaretakis T. Radium-223 Treatment Increases Immune Checkpoint Expression in Extracellular Vesicles from the Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 27(11):3253-3264, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33753455.
- Yu G, Shen P, Lee YC, Pan J, Song JH, Pan T, Lin SC, Liang X, Wang G, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Multiple pathways coordinating reprogramming of endothelial cells into osteoblasts by BMP4. iScience 24(4):102388, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33981975.
- Corn PG, Zhang M, Nogueras-Gonzalez GM, Xiao L, Zurita AJ, Subudhi SK, Tu SM, Aparicio AM, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Huang S, Navone NM, Lin SH, Wang G, Ramachandran S, Titus MA, Panaretakis T, Gallick GE, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Logothetis C. A Phase II Study of Cabozantinib and Androgen Ablation in Patients with Hormone-Naïve Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 26(5):990-999, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 31941830.
- Koinis F, Corn P, Parikh N, Song J, Vardaki I, Mourkioti I, Lin SH, Logothetis C, Panaretakis T, Gallick G. Resistance to MET/VEGFR2 Inhibition by Cabozantinib Is Mediated by YAP/TBX5-Dependent Induction of FGFR1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 12(1), 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 31963871.
- Yachnin J, Gilje B, Thon K, Johansson H, Brandberg Y, Panaretakis T, Ullén A. Weekly versus 3-weekly cabazitaxel for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer: A randomised phase II trial (ConCab). Eur J Cancer 97:33-40, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29685343.
- Forsberg J, Li X, Zamaraev AV, Panaretakis T, Zhivotovsky B, Olsson M. Caspase-2 associates with FAN through direct interaction and overlapping functionality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 499(4):822-828, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29621545.
- Atsaves V, Tsesmetzis N, Chioureas D, Kis L, Leventaki V, Drakos E, Panaretakis T, Grander D, Medeiros LJ, Young KH, Rassidakis GZ. PD-L1 is commonly expressed and transcriptionally regulated by STAT3 and MYC in ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 31(7):1633-1637, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28344319.
- Kharaziha P, Panaretakis T. Dynamics of Atg5-Atg12-Atg16L1 Aggregation and Deaggregation. Methods Enzymol 587:247-255, 2017. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 28253959.
- Pathan M, Keerthikumar S, Chisanga D, Alessandro R, Ang CS, Askenase P, Batagov AO, Benito-Martin A, Camussi G, Clayton A, Collino F, Di Vizio D, Falcon-Perez JM, Fonseca P, Fonseka P, Fontana S, Gho YS, Hendrix A, Hoen EN, Iraci N, Kastaniegaard K, Kislinger T, Kowal J, Kurochkin IV, Leonardi T, Liang Y, Llorente A, Lunavat TR, Maji S, Monteleone F, Øverbye A, Panaretakis T, Patel T, Peinado H, Pluchino S, Principe S, Ronquist G, Royo F, Sahoo S, Spinelli C, Stensballe A, Théry C, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben M, Welton JL, Zhao K, Mathivanan S. A novel community driven software for functional enrichment analysis of extracellular vesicles data. J Extracell Vesicles 6(1):1321455, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28717418.
- Vardaki I, Sanchez C, Fonseca P, Olsson M, Chioureas D, Rassidakis G, Ullén A, Zhivotovsky B, Björkholm M, Panaretakis T. Caspase-3-dependent cleavage of Bcl-xL in the stroma exosomes is required for their uptake by hematological malignant cells. Blood 128(23):2655-2665, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27742710.
- Vardaki I, Ceder S, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Foukakis T, Panaretakis T. Periostin is identified as a putative metastatic marker in breast cancer-derived exosomes. Oncotarget 7(46):74966-74978, 2016. PMID: 27589561.
- Ronquist KG, Sanchez C, Dubois L, Chioureas D, Fonseca P, Larsson A, Ullén A, Yachnin J, Ronquist G, Panaretakis T. Energy-requiring uptake of prostasomes and PC3 cell-derived exosomes into non-malignant and malignant cells. J Extracell Vesicles 5:29877, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 26955882.
- Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, Adachi H, Adams CM, Adams PD, Adeli K, Adhihetty PJ, Adler SG, Agam G, Agarwal R, Aghi MK, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguilar PV, Aguirre-Ghiso J, Airoldi EM, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akporiaye ET, Al-Rubeai M, Albaiceta GM, Albanese C, Albani D, Albert ML, Aldudo J, Algül H, Alirezaei M, Alloza I, Almasan A, Almonte-Beceril M, Alnemri ES, Alonso C, Altan-Bonnet N, Altieri DC, Alvarez S, Alvarez-Erviti L, Alves S, Amadoro G, Amano A, Amantini C, Ambrosio S, Amelio I, Amer AO, Amessou M, Amon A, An Z, Anania FA, Andersen SU, Andley UP, Andreadi CK, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anel A, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Antonioli M, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Aquila S, Aquilano K, Araki K, Arama E, Aranda A, Araya J, Arcaro A, Arias E, Arimoto H, Ariosa AR, Armstrong JL, Arnould T, Arsov I, Asanuma K, Askanas V, Asselin E, Atarashi R, Atherton SS, Atkin JD, Attardi LD, Auberger P, Auburger G, Aurelian L, Autelli R, Avagliano L, Avantaggiati ML, Avrahami L, Awale S, Azad N, Bachetti T, Backer JM, Bae DH, Bae JS, Bae ON, Bae SH, Baehrecke EH, Baek SH, Baghdiguian S, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bai H, Bai J, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Balaji KN, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Balzan R, Banerjee R, Bánhegyi G, Bao H, Barbeau B, Barrachina MD, Barreiro E, Bartel B, Bartolomé A, Bassham DC, Bassi MT, Bast RC, Basu A, Batista MT, Batoko H, Battino M, Bauckman K, Baumgarner BL, Bayer KU, Beale R, Beaulieu JF, Beck GR, Becker C, Beckham JD, Bédard PA, Bednarski PJ, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Behrens GM, Behrns KE, Bejarano E, Belaid A, Belleudi F, Bénard G, Berchem G, Bergamaschi D, Bergami M, Berkhout B, Berliocchi L, Bernard A, Bernard M, Bernassola F, Bertolotti A, Bess AS, Besteiro S, Bettuzzi S, Bhalla S, Bhattacharyya S, Bhutia SK, Biagosch C, Bianchi MW, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Billes V, Bincoletto C, Bingol B, Bird SW, Bitoun M, Bjedov I, Blackstone C, Blanc L, Blanco GA, Blomhoff HK, Boada-Romero E, Böckler S, Boes M, Boesze-Battaglia. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy 12(1):1-222, 2016. PMID: 26799652.
- Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Baltatzis G, Fonseca P, Rodriguez P, Gogvadze V, Lennartsson L, Björklund AC, Zhivotovsky B, Grandér D, Egevad L, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T. Sorafenib-induced defective autophagy promotes cell death by necroptosis. Oncotarget 6(35):37066-82, 2015. PMID: 26416459.
- Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Rutishauser D, Baltatzis G, Lennartsson L, Fonseca P, Azimi A, Hultenby K, Zubarev R, Ullén A, Yachnin J, Nilsson S, Panaretakis T. Molecular profiling of prostate cancer derived exosomes may reveal a predictive signature for response to docetaxel. Oncotarget 6(25):21740-54, 2015. PMID: 25844599.
- Dubois L, Stridsberg M, Kharaziha P, Chioureas D, Meersman N, Panaretakis T, Ronquist KG. Malignant cell-derived extracellular vesicles express different chromogranin epitopes compared to prostasomes. Prostate 75(10):1063-73, 2015. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 25783430.
- Kharaziha P, Ceder S, Sanchez C, Panaretakis T. Multitargeted therapies for multiple myeloma. Autophagy 9(2):255-7, 2013. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 23183549.
- Rundqvist H, Augsten M, Strömberg A, Rullman E, Mijwel S, Kharaziha P, Panaretakis T, Gustafsson T, Östman A. Effect of acute exercise on prostate cancer cell growth. PLoS One 8(7):e67579, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 23861774.
- Kharaziha P, De Raeve H, Fristedt C, Li Q, Gruber A, Johnsson P, Kokaraki G, Panzar M, Laane E, Osterborg A, Zhivotovsky B, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Grandér D, Celsing F, Björkholm M, Vanderkerken K, Panaretakis T. Sorafenib has potent antitumor activity against multiple myeloma in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo in the 5T33MM mouse model. Cancer Res 72(20):5348-62, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22952216.
- Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, Abraham RT, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adeli K, Agholme L, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, Ahn HJ, Ait-Mohamed O, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akira S, Al-Younes HM, Al-Zeer MA, Albert ML, Albin RL, Alegre-Abarrategui J, Aleo MF, Alirezaei M, Almasan A, Almonte-Becerril M, Amano A, Amaravadi R, Amarnath S, Amer AO, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anantharam V, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Arancia G, Aris JP, Asanuma K, Asare NY, Ashida H, Askanas V, Askew DS, Auberger P, Baba M, Backues SK, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Baiocchi R, Baldini G, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bampton ET, Bánhegyi G, Bartholomew CR, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Batoko H, Bay BH, Beau I, Béchet DM, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Bekri S, Bellaire B, Bendall LJ, Benetti L, Berliocchi L, Bernardi H, Bernassola F, Besteiro S, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Boise LH, Bonaldo P, Boone DL, Bornhauser BC, Bortoluci KR, Bossis I, Bost F, Bourquin JP, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady NR, Brancolini C, Brech A, Brenman JE, Brennand A, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bristol ML, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brumell JH, Brunetti-Pierri N, Brunk UT, Bulman DE, Bultman SJ, Bultynck G, Burbulla LF, Bursch W, Butchar JP, Buzgariu W, Bydlowski SP, Cadwell K, Cahová M, Cai D, Cai J, Cai Q, Calabretta B, Calvo-Garrido J, Camougrand N, Campanella M, Campos-Salinas J, Candi E, Cao L, Caplan AB, Carding SR, Cardoso SM, Carew JS, Carlin CR, Carmignac V, Carneiro LA, Carra S, Caruso RA, Casari G, Casas C, Castino R, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Celli J, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chai CY, Chan DC, Chan EY, Chang RC, Che CM, Chen CC, Chen GC, Chen GQ, Chen M, Chen Q, Chen SS, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Chen X, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CH, Cheng Y, Cheong H, Cheong JH, Cherry S, Chess-Williams R, Cheung ZH, Chevet E, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiba T, Chin LS, Chiou SH, Chisari FV, Cho CH, Cho DH, Choi AM, Choi D, Cho. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 8(4):445-544, 2012. PMID: 22966490.
- Kharaziha P, Rodriguez P, Li Q, Rundqvist H, Björklund AC, Augsten M, Ullén A, Egevad L, Wiklund P, Nilsson S, Kroemer G, Grander D, Panaretakis T. Targeting of distinct signaling cascades and cancer-associated fibroblasts define the efficacy of Sorafenib against prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 3:e262, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22278289.
- Wemeau M, Kepp O, Tesnière A, Panaretakis T, Flament C, De Botton S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Chaput N. Calreticulin exposure on malignant blasts predicts a cellular anticancer immune response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 1:e104, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 21368877.
- Kepp O, Gdoura A, Martins I, Panaretakis T, Schlemmer F, Tesniere A, Fimia GM, Ciccosanti F, Burgevin A, Piacentini M, Eggleton P, Young PJ, Zitvogel L, van Endert P, Kroemer G. Lysyl tRNA synthetase is required for the translocation of calreticulin to the cell surface in immunogenic death. Cell Cycle 9(15):3072-7, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20699648.
- Ullén A, Farnebo M, Thyrell L, Mahmoudi S, Kharaziha P, Lennartsson L, Grandér D, Panaretakis T, Nilsson S. Sorafenib induces apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Int J Oncol 37(1):15-20, 2010. PMID: 20514392.
- Grandér D, Kharaziha P, Laane E, Pokrovskaja K, Panaretakis T. Autophagy as the main means of cytotoxicity by glucocorticoids in hematological malignancies. Autophagy 5(8):1198-200, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19855186.
- Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, Aymeric L, Ma Y, Ortiz C, Vermaelen K, Panaretakis T, Mignot G, Ullrich E, Perfettini JL, Schlemmer F, Tasdemir E, Uhl M, Génin P, Civas A, Ryffel B, Kanellopoulos J, Tschopp J, André F, Lidereau R, McLaughlin NM, Haynes NM, Smyth MJ, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med 15(10):1170-8, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19767732.
- Laane E, Tamm KP, Buentke E, Ito K, Kharaziha P, Khahariza P, Oscarsson J, Corcoran M, Björklund AC, Hultenby K, Lundin J, Heyman M, Söderhäll S, Mazur J, Porwit A, Pandolfi PP, Zhivotovsky B, Panaretakis T, Grandér D. Cell death induced by dexamethasone in lymphoid leukemia is mediated through initiation of autophagy. Cell Death Differ 16(7):1018-29, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19390558.
- Hernlund E, Kutuk O, Basaga H, Linder S, Panaretakis T, Shoshan M. Cisplatin-induced nitrosylation of p53 prevents its mitochondrial translocation. Free Radic Biol Med 46(12):1607-13, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19328230.
- Ehnfors J, Kost-Alimova M, Persson NL, Bergsmedh A, Castro J, Levchenko-Tegnebratt T, Yang L, Panaretakis T, Holmgren L. Horizontal transfer of tumor DNA to endothelial cells in vivo. Cell Death Differ 16(5):749-57, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19219067.
- Panaretakis T, Kepp O, Brockmeier U, Tesniere A, Bjorklund AC, Chapman DC, Durchschlag M, Joza N, Pierron G, van Endert P, Yuan J, Zitvogel L, Madeo F, Williams DB, Kroemer G. Mechanisms of pre-apoptotic calreticulin exposure in immunogenic cell death. EMBO J 28(5):578-90, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19165151.
- Madeo F, Durchschlag M, Kepp O, Panaretakis T, Zitvogel L, Fröhlich KU, Kroemer G. Phylogenetic conservation of the preapoptotic calreticulin exposure pathway from yeast to mammals. Cell Cycle 8(4):639-42, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19182525.
- Panaretakis T, Joza N, Modjtahedi N, Tesniere A, Vitale I, Durchschlag M, Fimia GM, Kepp O, Piacentini M, Froehlich KU, van Endert P, Zitvogel L, Madeo F, Kroemer G. The co-translocation of ERp57 and calreticulin determines the immunogenicity of cell death. Cell Death Differ 15(9):1499-509, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18464797.
- Hernlund E, Ihrlund LS, Khan O, Ates YO, Linder S, Panaretakis T, Shoshan MC. Potentiation of chemotherapeutic drugs by energy metabolism inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose and etomoxir. Int J Cancer 123(2):476-483, 2008. PMID: 18452174.
- Hoffmann J, Vitale I, Buchmann B, Galluzzi L, Schwede W, Senovilla L, Skuballa W, Vivet S, Lichtner RB, Vicencio JM, Panaretakis T, Siemeister G, Lage H, Nanty L, Hammer S, Mittelstaedt K, Winsel S, Eschenbrenner J, Castedo M, Demarche C, Klar U, Kroemer G. Improved cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics underlie the wide anticancer activity of sagopilone. Cancer Res 68(13):5301-8, 2008. PMID: 18593931.
- Tufi R, Panaretakis T, Bianchi K, Criollo A, Fazi B, Di Sano F, Tesniere A, Kepp O, Paterlini-Brechot P, Zitvogel L, Piacentini M, Szabadkai G, Kroemer G. Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ levels favors plasma membrane surface exposure of calreticulin. Cell Death Differ 15(2):274-82, 2008. e-Pub 2007. PMID: 18034188.
- Panaretakis T, Hjortsberg L, Tamm KP, Björklund AC, Joseph B, Grandér D. Interferon alpha induces nucleus-independent apoptosis by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. Mol Biol Cell 19(1):41-50, 2008. e-Pub 2007. PMID: 17942603.
- Laane E, Panaretakis T, Pokrovskaja K, Buentke E, Corcoran M, Söderhäll S, Heyman M, Mazur J, Zhivotovsky B, Porwit A, Grandér D. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia involves differential regulation of Bcl-2 family members. Haematologica 92(11):1460-9, 2007. PMID: 18024393.
- Obeid M, Panaretakis T, Joza N, Tufi R, Tesniere A, van Endert P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Calreticulin exposure is required for the immunogenicity of gamma-irradiation and UVC light-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 14(10):1848-50, 2007. e-Pub 2007. PMID: 17657249.
- Berndtsson M, Hägg M, Panaretakis T, Havelka AM, Shoshan MC, Linder S. Acute apoptosis by cisplatin requires induction of reactive oxygen species but is not associated with damage to nuclear DNA. Int J Cancer 120(1):175-80, 2007. PMID: 17044026.
- Obeid M, Tesniere A, Ghiringhelli F, Fimia GM, Apetoh L, Perfettini JL, Castedo M, Mignot G, Panaretakis T, Casares N, Métivier D, Larochette N, van Endert P, Ciccosanti F, Piacentini M, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Calreticulin exposure dictates the immunogenicity of cancer cell death. Nat Med 13(1):54-61, 2007. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 17187072.
- Ihrlund LS, Hernlund E, Viktorsson K, Panaretakis T, Barna G, Sabapathy K, Linder S, Shoshan MC. Two distinct steps of Bak regulation during apoptotic stress signaling: different roles of MEKK1 and JNK1. Exp Cell Res 312(9):1581-9, 2006. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 16529740.
- Panaretakis T, Laane E, Pokrovskaja K, Björklund AC, Moustakas A, Zhivotovsky B, Heyman M, Shoshan MC, Grandér D. Doxorubicin requires the sequential activation of caspase-2, protein kinase Cdelta, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase to induce apoptosis. Mol Biol Cell 16(8):3821-31, 2005. e-Pub 2005. PMID: 15917298.
- Thyrell L, Hjortsberg L, Arulampalam V, Panaretakis T, Uhles S, Dagnell M, Zhivotovsky B, Leibiger I, Grandér D, Pokrovskaja K. Interferon alpha-induced apoptosis in tumor cells is mediated through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 279(23):24152-62, 2004. e-Pub 2004. PMID: 15056668.
- Panaretakis T, Pokrovskaja K, Shoshan MC, Grandér D. Interferon-alpha-induced apoptosis in U266 cells is associated with activation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax. Oncogene 22(29):4543-56, 2003. PMID: 12881711.
- Panaretakis T, Pokrovskaja K, Shoshan MC, Grandér D. Activation of Bak, Bax, and BH3-only proteins in the apoptotic response to doxorubicin. J Biol Chem 277(46):44317-26, 2002. e-Pub 2002. PMID: 12193597.
- Zvyagilskaya R, Parchomenko O, Abramova N, Allard P, Panaretakis T, Pattison-Granberg J, Persson BL. Proton- and sodium-coupled phosphate transport systems and energy status of Yarrowia lipolytica cells grown in acidic and alkaline conditions. J Membr Biol 183(1):39-50, 2001. PMID: 11547351.
- Panaretakis T, Shabalina IG, Grandér D, Shoshan MC, DePierre JW. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondria mediate the induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells by the rodent peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen, perfluorooctanoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 173(1):56-64, 2001. PMID: 11350215.
- Shabalina IG, Panaretakis T, Bergstrand A, DePierre JW. Effects of the rodent peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen, perfluorooctanoic acid, on apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Carcinogenesis 20(12):2237-46, 1999. PMID: 10590214.
Invited Articles
- Panaretakis T. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and development of resistance are transcriptionally distinct processes. Cell Cycle 11(20):3723, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22983001.
- Panaretakis T, Joseph B, Zhivotovsky B. Back to Stockholm for 'metabolism, epigenetics and cell death. Cell Death Differ 19(5):909-12, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22301918.
- Panaretakis T, Hjortsberg L, Lambert JM, Joseph B. Second Cell Death Network symposium: the vital cell death. Cell Death Differ 16(9):1300-02, 2009. PMID: 19684639.
Other Articles
- Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, R Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 30(5):1097-1154, 2023. PMID: 37100955.
- Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 25(3):486-541, 2018. PMID: 29362479.
- Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Andrews D, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Bertrand MJ, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, Di Daniele N, Dixit VM, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Fimia GM, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lugli E, Madeo F, Malorni W, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Meier P, Melino S, Mizushima N, Moll U, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Panaretakis T, Penninger JM, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JH, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Ravichandran KS, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CM, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Shi Y, Simon HU, Stockwell BR, Szabadkai G, Tait SW, Tang HL, Tavernarakis N, Tsujimoto Y, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Villunger A, Wagner EF, Walczak H, White E, Wood WG, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ 22(1):58-73, 2015. PMID: 25236395.
- Kepp O, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Apetoh L, Aranda F, Barnaba V, Bloy N, Bracci L, Breckpot K, Brough D, Buqué A, Castro MG, Cirone M, Colombo MI, Cremer I, Demaria S, Dini L, Eliopoulos AG, Faggioni A, Formenti SC, Fucíková J, Gabriele L, Gaipl US, Galon J, Garg A, Ghiringhelli F, Giese NA, Guo ZS, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Holdenrieder S, Honeychurch J, Hu HM, Huang X, Illidge TM, Kono K, Korbelik M, Krysko DV, Loi S, Lowenstein PR, Lugli E, Ma Y, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Martins I, Mavilio D, Menger L, Merendino N, Michaud M, Mignot G, Mossman KL, Multhoff G, Oehler R, Palombo F, Panaretakis T, Pol J, Proietti E, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Rovere-Querini P, Rubartelli A, Sistigu A, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Sukkurwala AQ, Tartour E, Thorburn A, Thorne SH, Vandenabeele P, Velotti F, Workenhe ST, Yang H, Zong WX, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology 3(9):e955691, 2014. PMID: 25941621.
- Kharaziha P, Ceder S, Li Q, Panaretakis T Tumor cell-derived exosomes: a message in a bottle. Biochim Biophys Acta 1826(1):103-11, 2012. PMID: 22503823.
- Grandér D, Panaretakis T Autophagy: cancer therapy's friend or foe?. Future Med Chem 2(2):285-97, 2010. PMID: 21426194.
- Kepp O, Senovilla L, Galluzzi L, Panaretakis T, Tesniere A, Schlemmer F, Madeo F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Viral subversion of immunogenic cell death. Cell Cycle 8(6):860-9, 2009. PMID: 19221507.
- Tesniere A, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Joza N, Panaretakis T, Kepp O, Schlemmer F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Immunogenic cancer cell death: a key-lock paradigm. Curr Opin Immunol 20(5):504-11, 2008. PMID: 18573340.
- Apetoh L, Mignot G, Panaretakis T, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L Immunogenicity of anthracyclines: moving towards more personalized medicine. Trends Mol Med 14(4):141-51, 2008. PMID: 18353726.
- Tesniere A, Panaretakis T, Kepp O, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Molecular characteristics of immunogenic cancer cell death. Cell Death Differ 15(1):3-12, 2008. PMID: 18007663.
- Obeid M, Tesniere A, Panaretakis T, Tufi R, Joza N, van Endert P, Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Chaput N, Flament C, Ullrich E, de Botton S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Ecto-calreticulin in immunogenic chemotherapy. Immunol Rev 220:22-34, 2007. PMID: 17979837.
- Chaput N, De Botton S, Obeid M, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Panaretakis T, Flament C, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Molecular determinants of immunogenic cell death: surface exposure of calreticulin makes the difference. J Mol Med (Berl) 85(10):1069-76, 2007. PMID: 17891368.
- Obeid M, Panaretakis T, Tesniere A, Joza N, Tufi R, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Leveraging the immune system during chemotherapy: moving calreticulin to the cell surface converts apoptotic death from "silent" to immunogenic. Cancer Res 67(17):7941-4, 2007. PMID: 17804698.
- Pokrovskaja K, Panaretakis T, Grandér D Alternative signaling pathways regulating type I interferon-induced apoptosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 25(12):799-810, 2005. PMID: 16375608.
Book Chapters
- Fonseca P, Vardaki I, Occhionero A, Panaretakis T. Chapter Five: Metabolic and Signaling Functions of Cancer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. In: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. None. Elsevier, 175-199, 2016.
Grant & Contract Support
Title: | Exosome Profiling of Immune and Non-Immune Bone Microenvironment to Improve Therapeutic Effect for Metastatic Prostate Cancer |
Funding Source: | Cancerfonden (Swedish Cancer Society) |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Therapy Strategies to Overcome T Cell Insufficiency in the Bone-Tumor Microenvironment for Bone Metastasis |
Funding Source: | DOD-PCRP |
Role: | Co-I |
Title: | Prostate Cancer-Induced Bone Formation Regulates Immune Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis |
Funding Source: | NIH/NCI |
Role: | Co-I |
Title: | Longitudinal Monitoring of Therapy-Induced Changes in “Extracellular Vesicle Bone Signature” and its Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer |
Funding Source: | MD Anderson-Ohio Health |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Targeting prostate tumor-induced bone formation to reverse the immunosuppresive bone-TME and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies |
Funding Source: | MD Anderson Moon Shot Program |
Role: | Co-Program Leader |
Title: | Development of Rational Immunotherapy Combinations to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Prostate Tumor Microenvironment |
Funding Source: | MD Anderson Moon Shot Program |
Role: | Collaborator |
Title: | Prostate Cancer Moon Shot Flagship 2:Development of Rational Immunotherapy Combinations to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Prostate Tumor Microenvironment |
Funding Source: | MD Anderson Moon Shot Program |
Role: | Co-Leader |
Title: | Prostate Cancer Moonshot Flagship 1: Development of Mechanism-based Combination Therapies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Subproject: Targeting Prostate Cancer-Induced Aberrant Bone Formation for the Treatment of Bone Metastasis (S-H Lin) |
Funding Source: | MD Anderson Moon Shot Program |
Role: | Co-Leader |
Title: | Impact of Local Therapy on Outcomes of Men with de novo Metastatic within Molecularly Defined Prostate Cancers |
Funding Source: | Prostate Cancer Foundation |
Role: | Co-PI |
Title: | Postgraduate Student Funds Prostate Cancer-Derived Exosomes as Predictors and Functional Modulators of Response to Therapy |
Funding Source: | Karolinska Institutet |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Exosome-based Prognostic Markers and Cancer Therapies |
Funding Source: | Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Exosome-based Strategies to Discover Novel Biomarkers for Metastatic Prostate Cancer |
Funding Source: | Radiumhemmets, Karolinska Institutet |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Targeting Prostate Tumor-induced Bone formation and the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment to Improve the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Therapies |
Funding Source: | Prostate Cancer Foundation |
Role: | Co-PI |
Title: | Response Evaluation of Finite Systemic Therapy with Advanced Androgen Signaling Inhibition and Radiation Therapy for Oligorecurrent Prostate Cancer (RESTART) |
Funding Source: | Department of Defense (DOD) |
Role: | Co-I |
Patient Reviews
CV information above last modified November 25, 2024