Meet David Adelman, M.D., Ph.D.

David M. Adelman, MD, PhD, FACS
Department of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgery
About Dr. Adelman
Dr. David M. Adelman is a professor of Plastic Surgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. Dr. Adelman specializes in reconstructive surgery and microsurgery. His main clinical and research interests include breast reconstruction surgery, abdominal wall reconstruction, hernia repair surgery and head and neck reconstruction surgery, as well as other areas.
Dr. Adelman has authored dozens of peer-reviewed journal articles on breast reconstruction, microsurgery and other topics. He is an active member of many national and local plastic surgery societies including the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons and Plastic Surgery Foundation and the Plastic Surgery Research Council. At MD Anderson, he serves as vice chair of the Tissue Transplantation Committee and the plastic surgery representative of the Multidisciplinary Breast Planning Clinic.
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
2003 | University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, US, MD |
2001 | University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, US, Molecular Biology, Ph.D |
1995 | Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, US, Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, BS and MS |
Postgraduate Training
2009-2010 | Clinical Fellowship, Clinical Specialist and Microsurgery Fellow, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas |
2008-2009 | Clinical Residency, Chief Resident, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York |
2006-2008 | Clinical Residency, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York |
2003-2006 | Clinical Residency, General Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center/Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York |
Board Certifications
2011 | American Board of Plastic Surgery |
Experience & Service
Academic Appointments
Associate Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 2015 - 2021
Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2010 - 2015
Institutional Committee Activities
Member, Medical Records Committee, 2022 - Present
Member, Academic Review Committee, 2020 - Present
Member, Credentials Committee of the Medical Staff (CCMS), 2019 - 2022
Member, Clinical Effectiveness Subcommittee, 2016 - 2023
Member, Center for Genetics and Genomics, 2014 - Present
Member, Council of Committee Chairs, 2014 - Present
Vice Chair, Tissue Transplantation Committee, 2014 - Present
Plastic Surgery Representative, Multidisciplinary Breast Planning Clinic, 2013 - Present
Member, Clinical Research Committee (CRC 1), 2013 - 2013
Associate Member, Center for Stem Cells & Developmental Biology, 2013 - Present
Member, Clinical Research Committee (CRC 3), 2011 - 2012
Member, Clinical Research Committee (CRC 4), 2010 - 2011
Honors & Awards
2021 | Best Paper, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery |
2019 | Most Outstanding Paper, American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery |
2018 | Outstanding Presentation - Soft Tissue Reconstruction after Concomitant Vertebrectomy and Chest Wall Resection for Spinal Tumors |
2009 | Alumnus of Distinction Award, Given to Outstanding Alumni as Voted by Peers, Commack High School |
2003 | Overall Best Presentation, Senior Scientific Session, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine |
2001 | Frank Fellow, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine |
2001 | Scholarship Winner, Keystone Symposium on Pluripotent Stem Cells: Biology and Applications |
2000 | Best Pre-Doctoral Abstract Submission and Invited Speaker, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute Symposium on Cardiovascular Development |
1995 | Distinction in the Major, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University |
1995 | Master’s Cup, Timothy Dwight College, Yale University |
1995 | Simultaneous Awarding of Bachelors and Masters Degrees, Department of Molecular, Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University |
1995 | The Edward McGuire Gordon Prize, Yale University |
Professional Memberships
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Mueller, MA, Mericli, AF, Roubaud, MJ, Liu, J, Adelman, DM, Lewis, VO, Lin, PP, Hanasono, MM. Comparing Fibula Flap Insetting Techniques for Pediatric Oncologic Extremity Reconstruction. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 153(3):636E-643E, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 37166051.
- Huntoon, K, Mayer, RR, Fahim, DK, Kumar, SC, Adelman, DM, McCutcheon, IE. Malignant Primary Tumors of Scalp with Cranial Extension. Journal of neurosurgery 140(4):979-986, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 37877964.
- Chu, K, Largo, RD, Lee, Z, Adelman, DM, Egro, FM, Winocour, SJ, Reece, EM, Selber, JC, Butler, CE. Introduction of the L-PAP Flap. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 152(6):1005E-1010E, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37010466.
- Roubaud, MS, Hassan, AM, Shin, A, Mericli, AF, Adelman, DM, Hagan, K, Popat, KU, Lin, PP, Moon, BS, Lewis, VO. Outcomes of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation and Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces for Chronic Pain Control in the Oncologic Amputee Population. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 237(4):644-654, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37278406.
- Hassan, AM, Asaad, M, Brook, DS, Shah, NR, Kumar, SC, Liu, J, Adelman, DM, Clemens, MW, Selber, JC, Butler, CE. Outcomes of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with a Bovine versus a Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 152(4):872-881, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36780366.
- Roubaud, MJ, Asaad, M, Liu, J, Mericli, AF, Kapur, SK, Adelman, DM, Hanasono, MM. Free Fillet Flap of Lower Extremity. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 152(4):883-895, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36780349.
- Roubaud, MJ, Mericli, AF, Adelman, DM, Hanasono, MM, Lewis, VO, Moon, BS. Reconstruction of Forequarter and Extended Forequarter Amputations. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 152(1):194-205, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36728500.
- Hassan, AM, Shah, NR, Asaad, M, Kapur, SK, Adelman, DM, Clemens, MW, Baumann, DP, Hanasono, MM, Selber, JC, Butler, CE. Association Between Cumulative Surgeon Experience and Long-term Outcomes in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. Hernia 27(3):583-592, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36574083.
- Asaad, M, Morris, N, Selber, JC, Liu, J, Clemens, MW, Adelman, DM, Chang, EI, Butler, CE. No Differences in Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes Among AlloDerm, SurgiMend, and Dermacell for Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 151(5):719E-729E, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36525574.
- Zhang, Q, Chiu, Y, Chen, Y, Wu, Y, Dunne, LW, Largo, RD, Chang, EI, Adelman, DM, Schaverien, MV, Butler, CE. Harnessing the Synergy of Perfusable Muscle Flap Matrix and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Prevascularization and Macrophage Polarization to Reconstruct Volumetric Muscle Loss. Bioactive Materials 22:588-614, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36382023.
- Mericli, AF, Asaad, M, Lewis, VO, Lin, PP, Goodenough, CJ, Adelman, DM, Oates, S, Hanasono, MM. Free Fibula Flap for Extremity Oncologic Defects. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 151(4):885-896, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36729822.
- Asaad M, Pisters LL, Klein GT, Adelman DM, Oates SD, Butler CE, Selber JC. Robotic Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap following Robotic Extirpative Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 148(6):1377-1381, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34847128.
- Asaad M, Selber JC, Adelman DM, Baumann DP, Hassid VJ, Crosby MA, Liu J, Butler CE, Clemens MW. Allograft vs Xenograft Bioprosthetic Mesh in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Aesthet Surg J 41(12):NP1931-NP1939, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33693461.
- Olenczak JB, Ford JR, Mericli AF, Adelman DM, Chang EI, Hanasono MM, Esmaeli B, Kapur SK. Surgical and Ophthalmologic Outcomes of Reconstruction in Patients Treated with Eye-Sparing Surgery and Radiation Therapy for Tumors of the Lacrimal Drainage Apparatus. Ann Plast Surg 86(3):292-297, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33555683.
- Tam S, Dong W, Adelman DM, Weber RS, Lewis CM. Risk-Adjustment Models in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Surgery with Reconstruction. Oral Oncol 111:104917, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32721817.
- Mericli AF, Boukovalas S, Roubaud MS, Kai-Cheng Chu C, Bird J, Lewis VO, Rhines LD, Chang EI, Adelman DM, Hanasono MM. Restoration of Spinopelvic Continuity with the Free Fibula Flap after Limb-Sparing Oncologic Resection is Associated with a High Union Rate and Superior Functional Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 146(3):650-662, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32459735.
- Nemir S, Mericli AF, Adelman DM, Liu J, Feig BW, Lin PP, Roubaud MS. A Reconstructive Algorithm of Oncologic Defects of the Upper Trunk and Shoulder Girdle: Factors Predicting Complexity and Outcomes. J Surg Oncol 122(2):283-292, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32363601.
- Tzeng CD, Teshome M, Katz MHG, Weinberg JS, Lai SY, Antonoff MB, Bird JE, Shafer A, Davis JW, Adelman DM, Moon B, Reece G, Prabhu SS, DeSnyder SM, Skibber JM, Mehran R, Schmeler K, Roland CL, Tran Cao HS, Aloia TA, Caudle AS, Swisher SG, Vauthey JN. Cancer Surgery Scheduling During and after the COVID-19 First Wave: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Ann Surg 272(2):e106-e111, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32675511.
- Roubaud MS, Nemir S, Mericli AF, Adelman DM, Liu J, Feig B, Lin P. Author's Response to: Free Flaps as the First Option for Reconstruction of Shoulder Girdle High Risk of Recurrence Tumors. J Surg Oncol. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32563215.
- Mericli AF, Murariu D, Nemir S, Rhines LD, Walsh G, Adelman DM, Baumann DP, Butler CE. Soft-Tissue Reconstruction after Composite Vertebrectomy and Chest Wall Resection for Spinal Tumors. Plast Reconstr Surg 145(5):1275-1286, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32332552.
- Adelman DM, Cornwell KG. Fundamentals of Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Assimilation: Effect of Suture Type on Attachment Strength and Cell Repopulation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 8(3):e2635, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32537327.
- Cornwell KG, Jessee CB, Adelman DM. Clinically Available Reinforcing Materials for Soft Tissue Reconstruction. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 81(3):1-10, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32240006.
- Mericli AF, Murariu D, Nemir S, Rhines LD, Walsh G, Adelman DM, Baumann DP, Butler CE. Soft Tissue Reconstruction After Composite Vertebrectomy and Chest Wall Resection for Spinal Tumors. Plast Reconstr Surg. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32039970.
- Mericli AF, Boukovalas S, Rhines LD, Adelman DM, Hanasono MM, Chang EI. Free Fibula Flap for Restoration of Spinal Stability after Oncologic Vertebrectomy is Predictive of Bony Union. Plast Reconstr Surg 145(1):219-229, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 31592949.
- Mericli AF, Szpalski C, Schaverien MV, Selber JC, Adelman DM, Garvey PB, Villa MT, Robb G, Baumann DP. The Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap Is a Safe and Effective Method of Partial Breast Reconstruction in the Setting of Breast-Conserving Therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 143(5):927e-935e, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31033814.
- Ibrahim AE, Adelman DM, Parham C, Hong Z, Villa M, Chahine FM, Ghieh FM. The External Jugular Vein Used as Recipient Vessel in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction: Outcomes Compared to the Internal Jugular Vein. J Craniofac Surg 30(1):178-183, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30394970.
- Adelman DM, Cornwell KG. Bioprosthetic Versus Synthetic Mesh: Analysis of Tissue Adherence and Revascularization in an Experimental Animal Model. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 6(5):e1713, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29922542.
- Ibrahim A, Atiyeh B, Karami R, Adelman DM, Papazian NJ. The Deltopectoral Flap Revisited: The Internal Mammary Artery Perforator Flap. J Craniofac Surg 27(2):e189-92, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 26854779.
- Adelman DM, Selber JC, Butler CE. Bovine versus Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Comparison of Mechanical Properties. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2(5):e141-e157, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25289348.
- Clemens MW, Selber JC, Liu J, Adelman DM, Baumann DP, Garvey PB, Butler CE. Bovine versus Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 131(1):71-79, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 22965235.
- Selber JC, Chang EI, Liu J, Suami H, Adelman DM, Garvey P, Hanasono MM, Butler CE. Tracking the Learning Curve in Microsurgical Skill Acquisition. Plast Reconstr Surg 130(4):551e-558e, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 23018716.
- Crosby MA, Garvey PB, Selber JC, Adelman DM, Sacks JM, Villa MT, Lin HY, Park SJ, Baumann DP. Reconstructive Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 128(5):1025-1033, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 22030485.
- Baumann DP, Crosby MA, Selber JC, Garvey PB, Sacks JM, Adelman DM, Villa MT, Feng L, Robb GL. Optimal Timing of Delayed Free Lower Abdominal Flap Breast Reconstruction after Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 127(3):1100-1116, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21364413.
- Ramirez-Bergeron DL, Runge A, Adelman DM, Gohil M, Simon MC. HIF-dependent Hematopoietic Factors Regulate the Development of the Embryonic Vasculature. Dev Cell 11(1):81-92, 2006. e-Pub 2006.
- Cowden Dahl KD, Fryer BH, Mack FA, Compernolle V, Maltepe E, Adelman DM, Carmeliet P, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible Factors 1 alpha and 2 alpha Regulate Trophoblast Differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 25(23):10479-10491, 2005. e-Pub 2005.
- Keith B, Adelman DM, Simon MC. Targeted Mutation of the Murine Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator 2 (ARNT2) Gene Reveals Partial Redundancy with ARNT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(12):6692-6697, 2001. e-Pub 2001. PMID: 11381139.
- Adelman DM, Gertsenstein M, Nagy A, Simon MC, Maltepe E. Placental Cell Fates are Regulated In Vivo by HIF-mediated Hypoxia Responses. Genes Dev 14(24):3191-3203, 2000. e-Pub 2000. PMID: 11124810.
- Lindsten T, Ross AJ, King A, Zong WX, Rathmell JC, Shiels HA, Ulrich E, Waymire KG, Mahar P, Frauwirth K, Chen Y, Wei M, Eng VM, Adelman DM, Simon MC, Ma A, Golden JA, Evan G, Korsmeyer SJ, MacGregor GR, Thompson CB. The Combined Functions of Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Members Bak and Bax are Essential for Normal Development of Multiple Tissues. Mol Cell 6(6):1389-1399, 2000. e-Pub 2000. PMID: 11163212.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. HIF-1 is Essential for Multilineage Hematopoiesis in the Embryo. Adv Exp Med Biol 475:275-284, 2000. e-Pub 2000. PMID: 10849668.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. Multilineage Embryonic Hematopoiesis Requires Hypoxic ARNT Activity. Genes Dev 13(19):2478-2483, 1999. e-Pub 1999. PMID: 10521392.
- Hodel A, Kautz RA, Adelman DM, Fox RO. The Importance of Anchorage in Determining a Strained Protein Loop Conformation. Protein Sci 3(4):549-556, 1994. e-Pub 1994. PMID: 8003973.
Invited Articles
- Adelman DM, Hanasono MM, Robb GL. Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis in Free Flap Reconstruction Using Computer-aided design (CAD) and Medical Modeling. Plastic Surgery Hyperguide. e-Pub 2012.
Manuals, Teaching Aids, Other Teaching Publications
- Adelman DM, Crosby MA, Butler CE, et al. Breast Reconstruction Patient Education Web Resource, 2012.
Other Articles
- Lewis, VO, Kemp, A, Roubaud, MJ, Ajay, D, Westney, OL, Smith, T, Dang, AQ, Hagan, K, Roland, CL, Penny, A, Adelman, DM Multidisciplinary Approach to Hemipelvectomy for Pelvic Sarcomas. JBJS reviews 10(5), 2022. PMID: 37544929.
- Adelman DM, Simon MC Hypoxic Gene Regulation in Differentiating ES Cells. Methods Mol Biol 185:55-62, 2002. PMID: 11769012.
Editorials
- Adelman DM, Butler CE. Invited Commentary: “Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly” 24(1), 2013.
- Adelman DM, Crosby MA. Invited Commentary: “Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly” 23(3), 2012.
- Adelman DM, Butler CE. Invited Commentary: David W. Chang and Sugene Kim. “Breast Reconstruction and Lymphedema”. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 125(1):19-23, 2010.
Abstracts
- Adelman DM, Cornwell K. Analysis of Adherence and Vascularization Patterns of Bioprosthetic Mesh in a Rat Ventral Hernia Model. MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction Conference (AWR), 2014. e-Pub 2014.
- Ramirez-Bergeron DL, Adelman DM, Simon MC. ARNT is Important for Proper Cardiovascular Development. 67th Symposium: The Cardiovascular System, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, 2002. e-Pub 2002.
- Adelman DM, Simon MC. Trophoblast Stem Cell Fate Decisions Rely on ARNT-mediated Hypoxia Responses. Keystone Symposium on Pluripotent Stem Cells: Biology and Applications, 2001. e-Pub 2001.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. Hypoxic ARNT Activity is Critical for Both Mammalian Embryonic Development and Cancer. Gordon Research Conference on Vascular Cell Biology, Plymouth, NH, 2000. e-Pub 2000.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. Multilineage Embryonic Hematopoiesis Requires Hypoxic ARNT Activity. American Society of Hematology 41st Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 1999. e-Pub 1999.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. HIF1-mediated VEGF Expression is Essential for Murine Hematopoiesis In Vivo. Oxygen Sensing: Molecule to Man, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. e-Pub 1999.
- Adelman DM, Maltepe E, Simon MC. Role of ARNT in Hematopoiesis During Mouse Development. Meeting on Mouse Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY, 1998. e-Pub 1998.
Book Chapters
- Adelman DM. Pelvic Reconstruction in Gynecologic Oncology Surgery. In: Principles of Gynecologic Oncology Surgery. Elsevier, 273-284, 2019.
- Adelman DM, Hanasono MM. Scalp and Calvarial Reconstruction. In: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Pearls of Wisdom. 3rd. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 777-784, 2016.
- Adelman DM, Butler CE. History of Plastic Surgery. In: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Pearls of Wisdom. 3rd. McGraw-Hill, 9-16, 2016.
- Butler CE, Adelman DM. Principles in Microsurgery. In: Grabb and Smith’s Plastic Surgery. 7th. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 70-76, 2014.
- Adelman DM, Kronowitz SJ. Breast Reconstruction Following Mastectomy, Chapter 79. In: Acute Care Surgery: Evidence Based Practice. 1. People’s Medical Publishing House, 2011.
- Adelman DM, Butler CE. History of Plastic Surgery. In: Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Board Review: Pearls of Wisdom. 2. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 9-12, 2011.
- Adelman DM, Hanasono MM. Scalp and Calvarial Reconstruction. In: Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Board Review: Pearls of Wisdom. 2. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 683-690, 2011.
- Adelman DM. Prosthetic Based Breast Reconstruction. In: Oncologic Breast Reconstruction. People's Medical Publishing House.
Selected Presentations & Talks
Formal Peers
- 2025. Pelvic Reconstruction. Houston, Texas, US.
- 2024. Best Case/Best Save. Visiting. Best Case/Best Save. Houston, TX, US.
- 2024. Pelvic Reconstruction. Visiting. Pelvic Reconstruction. Houston, TX, US.
- 2023. Flaps for Gynecologic Cancer Surgery. Visiting. Flaps for Gynecologic Cancer Surgery. Houston, TX, US.
- 2023. Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in the Urology Patient: Our MD Anderson Experience. Visiting. Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in the Urology Patient: Our MD Anderson Experience. Houston, US.
- 2020. Virtual Journal Club. Invited. Virtual Journal Club. Durham, NC, US.
- 2020. Wound and Wound Healing. Visiting. Wound and Wound Healing. Houston, TX, US.
- 2014. Complex Cancer Reconstruction. Visiting. Complex Cancer Reconstruction. Riyadh, SA.
- 2011. NYU to MDACC. Visiting. NYU to MDACC. New York, NY, US.
Grant & Contract Support
Date: | 2012 - 2014 |
Title: | Tracking the Learning Curve in Microsurgical Skill Acquisition |
Funding Source: | Kyte Plastic Surgery Research Fund: Seed Grant |
Role: | Co-I |
Date: | 2012 - Present |
Title: | Integration of SurgiMend in a Rat Model |
Funding Source: | Integra LifeSciences |
Role: | Co-I |
Patient Reviews
CV information above last modified March 20, 2025