Dong Joo Rhee, PHD

Peer-Reviewed Articles

1. Nair, S, Court, LE, Douglas, RJ, Gay, SS, Govyadinov, P, Netherton, T, Rhee, DJ, Pafeng Tchuindjang, J, Zhang, L, Nguyen, C, Trauernicht, C, van Reenen, C, Burger, H, Naidoo, K, Marais, A, Sachse, K, Shaw, W, Sherriff, A, Zhao, Y. Use of Large Language Models to Enhance Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. Advances in Radiation Oncology 11(8), 2026. e-Pub 2026. PMID: 42254724.
2. Zhao Y, Tam KH, Douglas R, Oh K, Wang X, Subashi E, Yang J, Court L, Rhee DJ. Feasibility of a General-Purpose Deep Learning Dose Engine: A Multi-Site Validation Study, 2026.
3. Marquez, B, Fuentes, DA, Peterson, CB, Rhee, DJ, Douglas, RJ, Mumme, R, Jhingran, A, Pollard-Larkin, JM, Prajapati, S, Whitaker, TJ, Court, LE. Automatic contour quality assurance using deep-learning based contours. Physics in medicine and biology 70(14), 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 40532726.
4. Rhee, DJ, Perni, S, Perrin, KJ, Casey, K, Leone, A, Nguyen, C, Court, LE, Wang, H, Wang, X, Han, EY. Semi-automated hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy planning. Journal of applied clinical medical physics 26(7), 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 40653628.
5. Humbert-Vidan, L, Castelo, A, He, R, van Dijk, L, Rhee, DJ, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wahid, K, Joshi, S, Gerafian, P, West, NA, Kaffey, Z, Mirbahaeddin, S, Curiel, J, Acharya, S, Shekha, A, Oderinde, P, Ali, AS, Hope, A, Watson, E, Wesson-Aponte, R, Frank, SJ, Barbon, CE, Brock, K, Chambers, MS, Walji, M, Hutcheson, KA, Lai, SY, Fuller, C, Naser, M, Moreno, AC. Image-based mandibular and maxillary parcellation and annotation using computed tomography (IMPACT). Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology 35, 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 40894269.
6. Yu, C, Gay, SS, Gupta, AC, Martin, RM, Ludmir, EB, Zhao, Y, Duryea, J, Chen, X, Cardenas, CE, Yang, J, Koong, A, Netherton, T, Rhee, DJ, Court, LE. Uncertainty-guided pancreatic tumor auto-segmentation with Tversky ensemble. Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology 34, 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 40276495.
7. Wang, H, Alsanea, FM, Rhee, DJ, Zhang, X, Liu, W, Yang, J, Wen, Z, Zhao, Y, Williamson, TD, Hunter, R, Balter, PA, Briere, TM, Zhu, XR, Lee, A, Moreno, AC, Reddy, JP, Garden, AS, Rosenthal, D, Gunn, GB, Phan, J. Advanced External Beam Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Skull Base Reirradiation. Cancers 17(3), 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 39941906.
8. Sjogreen C, Netherton TJ, Lee A, Soliman M, Gay SS, Nguyen C, Mumme R, Vazquez I, Rhee DJ, Cardenas CE, Martel MK, Beadle BM, Court LE. Landmark-based auto-contouring of clinical target volumes for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 25(9):e14474, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 39074490.
9. Wang, H, Yang, J, Lee, A, Phan, J, Lim, TY, Fuller, C, Han, EY, Rhee, DJ, Salzillo, TC, Zhao, Y, Chopra, N, Pham, M, Castillo, P, Sobremonte, A, Moreno, AC, Reddy, JP, Rosenthal, D, Garden, AS, Wang, X. MR-guided stereotactic radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology 46, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 38510980.
10. He Y, Cazoulat G, Wu C, Svensson S, Almodovar-Abreu L, Rigaud B, McCollum E, Peterson C, Wooten Z, Rhee DJ, Balter P, Pollard-Larkin J, Cardenas C, Court L, Liao Z, Mohan R, Brock K. Quantifying the Effect of 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Based Deformable Dose Accumulation on Representing Radiation Damage for Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Standard-Fractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 118(1):231-241, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 37552151.
11. Gay, SS, Kisling, K, Anderson, BM, Zhang, L, Rhee, DJ, Nguyen, C, Netherton, T, Yang, J, Brock, K, Jhingran, A, Simonds, H, Klopp, AH, Beadle, BM, Court, LE, Cardenas, CE. Identifying the optimal deep learning architecture and parameters for automatic beam aperture definition in 3D radiotherapy. Journal of applied clinical medical physics 24(12), 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37670488.
12. Hernandez S, Burger H, Nguyen C, Paulino AC, Lucas JT, Faught AM, Duryea J, Netherton T, Rhee DJ, Cardenas C, Howell R, Fuentes D, Pollard-Larkin J, Court L, Parkes J. Validation of an automated contouring and treatment planning tool for pediatric craniospinal radiation therapy. Front Oncol 13:1221792, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37810961.
13. Muya, S, Ndumbalo, J, Kutika Nyagabona, S, Yusuf, S, Rhee, DJ, Mushi, BP, Li, B, Zhang, L, Grover, S, Feng, M, Hsu, IJ, Mmbaga, E, Van Loon, K, Court, LE, Xu, MJ. Feasibility and Clinical Acceptability of Automation-Assisted 3D Conformal Radiotherapy Planning for Patients with Cervical Cancer in a Resource-Constrained Setting. Journal of Global Oncology 9, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37725767.
14. Rhee DJ, Beddar S, Jaoude JA, Sawakuchi G, Martin R, Perles L, Yu C, He Y, Court LE, Ludmir EB, Koong AC, Das P, Koay EJ, Taniguichi C, Niedzielski JS. Dose Escalation for Pancreas SBRT: Potential and Limitations of using Daily Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy and an Iterative Isotoxicity Automated Planning Approach. Adv Radiat Oncol 8(4):101164, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36798731.
15. Xiao Y, Cardenas C, Rhee DJ, Netherton T, Zhang L, Nguyen C, Douglas R, Mumme R, Skett S, Patel T, Trauernicht C, Chung C, Simonds H, Aggarwal A, Court L. Customizable landmark-based field aperture design for automated whole-brain radiotherapy treatment planning. J Appl Clin Med Phys 24(3):e13839, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36412092.
16. Hernandez S, Nguyen C, Parkes J, Burger H, Rhee DJ, Netherton T, Mumme R, Vega JG, Duryea J, Leone A, Paulino AC, Cardenas C, Howell R, Fuentes D, Pollard-Larkin J, Court L. Automating the treatment planning process for 3D-conformal pediatric craniospinal irradiation therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 70(3):e30164, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36591994.
17. Nelson CL, Nguyen C, Fang R, Court LE, Cardenas CE, Rhee DJ, Netherton TJ, Mumme RP, Gay S, Gay C, Marquez B, El Basha MD, Zhao Y, Gronberg M, Hernandez S, Nealon KA, Martel MK, Yang J. A real-time contouring feedback tool for consensus-based contour training. Front Oncol 13:1204323, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37771435.
18. Yu C, Anakwenze CP, Zhao Y, Martin RM, Ludmir EB, S Niedzielski J, Qureshi A, Das P, Holliday EB, Raldow AC, Nguyen CM, Mumme RP, Netherton TJ, Rhee DJ, Gay SS, Yang J, Court LE, Cardenas CE. Multi-organ segmentation of abdominal structures from non-contrast and contrast enhanced CT images. Sci Rep 12(1):19093, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36351987.
19. Netherton TJ, Nguyen C, Cardenas CE, Chung C, Klopp AH, Colbert LE, Rhee DJ, Peterson CB, Howell R, Balter P, Court LE. An Automated Treatment Planning Framework for Spinal Radiation Therapy and Vertebral-Level Second Check. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 114(3):516-528, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35787928.
20. Babier A, Mahmood R, Zhang B, Alves VGL, Barragan-Montero AM, Beaudry J, Cardenas CE, Chang Y, Chen Z, Chun J, Diaz K, David Eraso H, Faustmann E, Gaj S, Gay S, Gronberg M, Guo B, He J, Heilemann G, Hira S, Huang Y, Ji F, Jiang D, Carlo Jimenez Giraldo J, Lee H, Lian J, Liu S, Liu KC, Marrugo J, Miki K, Nakamura K, Netherton T, Nguyen D, Nourzadeh H, Osman AFI, Peng Z, Dario Quinto Munoz J, Ramsl C, Rhee D, David Rodriguez J, Shan H, Siebers JV, Soomro MH, Sun K, Usuga Hoyos A, Valderrama C, Verbeek R, Wang E, Willems S, Wu Q, Xu X, Yang S, Yuan L, Zhu S, Zimmermann L, Moore KL, Purdie TG, McNiven AL, Chan TCY. OpenKBP-Opt: an international and reproducible evaluation of 76 knowledge-based planning pipelines. Phys Med Biol 67(18), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36093921.
21. Huang K, Das P, Olanrewaju AM, Cardenas C, Fuentes D, Zhang L, Hancock D, Simonds H, Rhee DJ, Beddar S, Briere TM, Court L. Automation of radiation treatment planning for rectal cancer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 23(9):e13712, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35808871.
22. Rhee DJ, Jhingran A, Huang K, Netherton TJ, Fakie N, White I, Sherriff A, Cardenas CE, Zhang L, Prajapati S, Kry SF, Beadle BM, Shaw W, O'Reilly F, Parkes J, Burger H, Trauernicht C, Simonds H, Court LE. Clinical acceptability of fully automated external beam radiotherapy for cervical cancer with three different beam delivery techniques. Med Phys 49(9):5742-5751, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35866442.
23. Rhee, DJ, Anakwenze, C, Rigaud, B, Jhingran, A, Cardenas, CE, Zhang, L, Prajapati, S, Kry, SF, Brock, K, Beadle, BM, Shaw, W, O'Reilly, F, Parkes, J, Burger, H, Fakie, N, Trauernicht, C, Simonds, H, Court, LE. Automatic contouring QA method using a deep learning–based autocontouring system. Journal of applied clinical medical physics 23(8), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35580067.
24. Han EY, Cardenas CE, Nguyen C, Hancock D, Xiao Y, Mumme R, Court LE, Rhee DJ, Netherton TJ, Li J, Yeboa DN, Wang C, Briere TM, Balter P, Martel MK, Wen Z. Clinical implementation of automated treatment planning for whole-brain radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 22(9):94-102, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34250715.
25. Gronberg MP, Gay SS, Netherton TJ, Rhee DJ, Court LE, Cardenas CE. Technical Note: Dose prediction for head and neck radiotherapy using a three-dimensional dense dilated U-net architecture. Med Phys 48(9):5567-5573, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34157138.
26. Hernandez S, Sjogreen C, Gay SS, Nguyen C, Netherton T, Olanrewaju A, Zhang LJ, Rhee DJ, Mendez JD, Court LE, Cardenas CE. Development and dosimetric assessment of an automatic dental artifact classification tool to guide artifact management techniques in a fully automated treatment planning workflow. Comput Med Imaging Graph 90:101907, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33845433.
27. Huang, K, Rhee, DJ, Ger, R, Layman, RR, Yang, J, Cardenas, CE, Court, LE. Impact of slice thickness, pixel size, and CT dose on the performance of automatic contouring algorithms. Journal of applied clinical medical physics 22(5):168-174, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33779037.
28. Zhao, Y, Rhee, DJ, Cardenas, CE, Court, LE, Yang, J. Training deep-learning segmentation models from severely limited data. Medical physics 48(4):1697-1706, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33474727.
29. Rigaud B, Anderson BM, Yu ZH, Gobeli M, Cazoulat G, Soderberg J, Samuelsson E, Lidberg D, Ward C, Taku N, Cardenas C, Rhee DJ, Venkatesan AM, Peterson CB, Court L, Svensson S, Lofman F, Klopp AH, Brock KK. Automatic Segmentation Using Deep Learning to Enable Online Dose Optimization During Adaptive Radiation Therapy of Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 109(4):1096-1110, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33181248.
30. Cardenas CE, Beadle BM, Garden AS, Skinner HD, Yang J, Rhee DJ, McCarroll RE, Netherton TJ, Gay SS, Zhang L, Court LE. Generating High-Quality Lymph Node Clinical Target Volumes for Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy Using a Fully Automated Deep Learning-Based Approach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 109(3):801-812, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33068690.
31. Rhee DJ, Jhingran A, Rigaud B, Netherton T, Cardenas CE, Zhang L, Vedam S, Kry S, Brock KK, Shaw W, O'Reilly F, Parkes J, Burger H, Fakie N, Trauernicht C, Simonds H, Court LE. Automatic contouring system for cervical cancer using convolutional neural networks. Med Phys 47(11):5648-5658, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32964477.
32. Netherton TJ, Rhee DJ, Cardenas CE, Chung C, Klopp AH, Peterson CB, Howell RM, Balter PA, Court LE. Evaluation of a multiview architecture for automatic vertebral labeling of palliative radiotherapy simulation CT images. Med Phys 47(11):5592-5608, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 33459402.
33. Rhee DJ, Cardenas CE, Elhalawani H, McCarroll R, Zhang L, Yang J, Garden AS, Peterson CB, Beadle BM, Court LE. Automatic detection of contouring errors using convolutional neural networks. Med Phys 46(11):5086-5097, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31505046.
34. Cardenas CE, Anderson BM, Aristophanous M, Yang J, Rhee DJ, McCarroll RE, Mohamed ASR, Kamal M, Elgohari BA, Elhalawani HM, Fuller CD, Rao A, Garden AS, Court LE. Auto-delineation of oropharyngeal clinical target volumes using 3D convolutional neural networks. Phys Med Biol 63(21):215026, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 30403188.
35. Kisling KD, Ger RB, Netherton TJ, Cardenas CE, Owens CA, Anderson BM, Lee J, Rhee DJ, Edward SS, Gay SS, He Y, David SD, Yang J, Nitsch PL, Balter PA, Urbauer DL, Peterson CB, Court LE, Dube S. A snapshot of medical physics practice patterns. J Appl Clin Med Phys 19(6):306-315, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 30272385.
36. Liu Y, Yin FF, Rhee D, Cai J. Accuracy of respiratory motion measurement of 4D-MRI: A comparison between cine and sequential acquisition. Med Phys 43(1):179, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 26745910.

Review Articles

1. Wang, H, Zhao, Y, Chen, X, McDonald, B, Li, Y, Xie, J, Rhee, DJ, Lim, TY, Netherton, T, Phan, J, Spiotto, MT, Lin, MH. Artificial Intelligence in Image Assisted Radiation Oncology. Cancers 18(11), 2026. e-Pub 2026. PMID: 42279299.
2. Baroudi H, Brock KK, Cao W, Chen X, Chung C, Court LE, El Basha MD, Farhat M, Gay S, Gronberg MP, Gupta AC, Hernandez S, Huang K, Jaffray DA, Lim R, Marquez B, Nealon K, Netherton TJ, Nguyen CM, Reber B, Rhee DJ, Salazar RM, Shanker MD, Sjogreen C, Woodland M, Yang J, Yu C, Zhao Y. Automated Contouring and Planning in Radiation Therapy: What Is 'Clinically Acceptable'?. Diagnostics (Basel) 13(4), 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36832155.
3. Netherton TJ, Cardenas CE, Rhee DJ, Court LE, Beadle BM. The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence within Radiation Oncology Treatment Planning. Oncology 99(2):124-134, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33352552.
4. Rhee, DJ, Jhingran, A, Kisling, K, Cardenas, CE, Simonds, H, Court, LE. Automated Radiation Treatment Planning for Cervical Cancer. Seminars in radiation oncology 30(4):340-347, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32828389.

Book Chapters

1. Zhao, Y, Chen, X, Rhee, DJ, Yang, J. Adaptive radiation therapy, 164-189, 2026.