Kai Cao, MS, MD, F(ACHI)
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology-Lab Medicine Div
About Dr. Cao
Part I: After long waiting for chance to college during a period of college-less years while working on farms as a teen, I finally stepped into a medical school following my parent’s insistence, but I loved it except for some scary feelings in anatomy class or in surgical rooms. Part II: Can you imagine what I must have felt when I first landed in a foreign country as a shy, timid, directionless, not-so-independent lady all alone having to leave husband and son behind, being corralled through to the seventh platform in a train station with two big luggage, a few small bags and then finally getting to the exit only to see all these strangers faces? Surprisingly, I survived beyond my expectations! Part III: Following that, coming to the United States was a much easier experience than I expected, although there wasn’t much drama, there were a few fears. But all that was years ago. Part IV: I’m very lucky to have a handsome, loving husband and a wonderful son. I love reading novels, like music & exercises, love movies and dancing, with the Argentine tango being my favorite. I dreamed of playing the piano, but never had the chance or luxury to learn. I love my work! I have been fortunate to have the opportunities to work for a few famous institutions. My family and I moved to warmer temperatures bounding from the east (Maryland) to the west (California) and now, to the south (Texas) where I call home.
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Section Chief, Laboratory Director, HLA Typing Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Program Director (authorized GSBS program), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Research Interests
HLA polymorphism identification and differentiation methodologies, HLA gene frequencies in different ethnic groups, HLA haplotype frequencies, population distribution.
HLA and diseases association studies
Identification of new HLA genes (alleles), compile and report rare HLA alleles.
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR): polymorphism, typing methodologies, KIR haplotypes, KIR HLA ligand mismatching and their impact on allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell and umbilical cord blood transplantation.
Clinical Interests
HLA matching and graft outcome in hematopoietic stem cell and umbilical cord blood unit transplantation.
NK cell benefit from selected donors to patients through graft-versus-leukemia effect in hematopoietic stem cell or umbilical cord blood unit transplantation.
Impact of anti-HLA antibodies in patients who need related or unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Anti-HLA antibody monitoring in these patients for guiding patients’ preemptive immune therapeutic treatment, optimal donor selection and monitoring post transplant.
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
| 1990 | China Medical University, Shenyang, CHN, MS, Dermatology |
| 1982 | China Medical University, Shenyang, CHN, MD, Medicine |
Postgraduate Training
| 1992-1993 | Clinical Fellowship, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Cancer Research, Genoa |
| 1992-1993 | Clinical Fellowship, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, S. Martini Hospital & University, Genoa |
| 1991-1992 | Certificate, Italian, Foreign Language Training Center, Beijing Language Institute, Beijing |
Board Certifications
| 2010 | The American College of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics F(ACHI) |
| 2006 | The American Board of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ABHI) |
Experience & Service
Other Appointments/Responsibilities
Member, DTRC Committee, American Board of Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics, Houston, TX, 2013 - 2017
Associate Director, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2011 - 2012
Assistant Director, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2011
Member, Bone Marrow Transplant Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2012
Member, Transplant Immunotherapy Kidney Patient (TIP) Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2012
Member, Kidney Patient Selection Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2012
Member, Heart and Lung Transplant Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2012
Member, Donor Selection Committee, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 2007 - 2012
Research Instructor, C.W. Bill Young/Department of Defense Marrow, Donor Program, Naval Medical Research Center/Georgetown University, Rockville, MD, 2001 - 2007
DNA Officer, American Red Cross, National Histocompatibility Laboratory, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, MA, 2000 - 2001
Scientist I, American Red Cross, National Histocompatibility Laboratory, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, MD, 1997 - 2000
Research Associate, American Red Cross, National Histocompatibility Laboratory, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, MD, 1996 - 1997
Research Assistant, National Histocompatibility Laboratory of the American Red Cross, Rockville, MD, 1994 - 1996
Research Fellow I, National Histocompatibility Laboratory of the American Red Cross, Rockville, MD, 1993 - 1994
Visiting Scientist, Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, 1992 - 1993
Attending Doctor/Lecturer, Department of Dermatology and Immunology, No. 1 Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 1990 - 1992
Physician, Department of Dermatology, No. 3 Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 1983 - 1987
Institutional Committee Activities
Member, Clinical Faculty Review Committee (CFRC), 2015 - 2018
Member, Graduate Medical Education, 2012 - Present
Member, GME Curriculum Subcommittee, 2012 - 2015
Judge, Endowed Fellowship Awards, 2012 - Present
Member, Stem Cell Transplant Graft Failure Review Committee, 2012 - 2020
Honors & Awards
| 1999 | Innovative Thinking Award, National Headquarters of the American Red Cross |
| 1998 | First Level Award for Employee Excellence in Professional/Technical Service, American Red Cross |
| 1995 | Incentive Award, National Headquarters of the American Red Cross |
Professional Memberships
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Zou J, Kongtim P, Oran B, Srour SA, Greenbaum U, Carmazzi Y, Rondon G, Ciurea SO, Ma Q, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Cao K. Molecular disparity of HLA-DPB1 is associated with the development of subsequent solid cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 129(8):1205-1216, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36738229.
- Ciurea SO, Al Malki MM, Kongtim P, Zou J, Aung FM, Rondon G, Chen J, Taniguchi M, Otoukesh S, Nademanee A, Forman SJ, Champlin R, Gendzekhadze K, Cao K. Treatment of allosensitized patients receiving allogeneic transplantation. Blood Adv 5(20):4031-4043, 2021. PMID: 34474478.
- Saliba RM, Greenbaum U, Ma Q, Srour SA, Carmazzi Y, Li L, Oran B, Moller M, Wood J, Ciurea SO, Kongtim P, Rondon G, Partlow D, Li D, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ, Cao K, Champlin RE, Zou J. Mismatch in SIRPα, a regulatory protein in innate immunity, is associated with chronic GVHD in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv 5(17):3407-3417, 2021. PMID: 34495313.
- Zou J, Kongtim P, Oran B, Kosmoliaptsis V, Carmazzi Y, Ma J, Li L, Rondon G, Srour S, Copley HC, Partlow D, Ciurea SO, Greenbaum U, Ma Q, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Cao K. Refined HLA-DPB1 mismatch with molecular algorithms predicts outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica, 2021. PMID: 34435482.
- Ciurea SO, Kongtim P, Soebbing D, Trikha P, Behbehani G, Rondon G, Olson A, Bashir Q, Gulbis AM, Indreshpal K, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ, Bassett R, Cao K, Martin AS, Devine S, Horowitz M, Pasquini M, Lee DA, Champlin RE. Decrease post-transplant relapse using donor-derived expanded NK-cells. Leukemia, 2021. PMID: 34312462.
- Betül Oran, Richard E Champlin, Feng Wang, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Rima M Saliba, Gheath Al-Atrash, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop Kantarjian, Kai Cao, Elizabeth J Shpall, Amin M Alousi, Rohtesh S Mehta, Uday Popat, Andy Futreal, Koichi Takahashi. Donor clonal hematopoiesis increases risk of acute graft versus host disease after matched sibling transplantation. Leukemia, 2021. PMID: 34135465.
- Zou J, Ciurea SO, Kongtim P, Yi M, Carmazzi Y, Rondon G, Srour S, Partlow D, Champlin RE, Cao K. Molecular disparity in human leukocyte antigens is associated with outcomes in haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv 4(15):3474-3485, 2020. PMID: 32726398.
- Liu E, Marin D, Banerjee P, Macapinlac HA, Thompson P, Basar R, Nassif Kerbauy L, Overman B, Thall P, Kaplan M, Nandivada V, Kaur I, Nunez Cortes A, Cao K, Daher M, Hosing C, Cohen EN, Kebriaei P, Mehta R, Neelapu S, Nieto Y, Wang M, Wierda W, Keating M, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K.. Use of CAR-Transduced Natural Killer Cells in CD19-Posititve Lymphoid Tumors. N Engl J Med 382(6):545-553, 2020. PMID: 32023374.
- Cao, K, Marin D, Sekine T, Rondon G, Zhao W, Smith NT, Daher M, Wang Q, Li L, Saliba RM, Pingali R, Popat U, Hosing C, Olson A, Oran B, Basar R, Mehta RS, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Donor NKG2C Copy Number: An Independent Predictor for CMV Reactivation After Double Cord Blood Transplantation. Front Immunol 9:2444, 2018. PMID: 30405633.
- Ciurea SO, Bittencourt MCB, Milton DR, Cao, K, Kongtim P, Rondon G, Chen J, Konopleya M, Perez JMR, El Shazly MF, Aljadayeh M, Alvarez M, Im J, Al-Atrash G, Mehta R, Popat U, Bashir Q, Oran B, Hosing CM, Khouri IF, Kebriaei P, Champlin RE. Is a matched unrelated donor search needed for all allogeneic transplant candidates?. Blood Advances 2(17):2254-2261, 2018. PMID: 30206098.
- Ciurea SO, Cao, K, Fernandez-Vina M, Kongtim P, Malki MA, Fuchs E, Luznik L, Huang XJ, Ciceri F, Locatelli F, Aversa F, Castagna L, Bacigalupo A, Martelli M, Blaise D, Handgretinger R, Roy DC, O'Donnell P, Bashey A, Lazarus HM, Ballen K, Savani BN, Mohty M, Nagler A.T.. Correction: The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Consensus Guidelines for the Detection and Treatment of Donor-specific Anti-HLA Antibodies (DSA) in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 54(5):784, 2018. PMID: 30232413.
- Ciurea SO, Shah MV, Saliba RM, Gaballa S, Kongtim P, Rondon G, Chen J, Wallis W, Cao K, Konopleya M, Dayer N, Cotes J, Ravandi F, Alousi A, Ahmed S, Popat U, Parmar S, Bashir Q, Betul O, Hosing C, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K, Khouri IF, Kebriaei P, Champlin RE. Haploidentical Transplantation for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplant 24(6):1232-1236, 2018. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28918304.
- Ciurea S, Cao, K, Fernadez-Vina M, Kongtim P, Malki MA, Fuchs E, Luznik L, Huang XJ, Ciceri F, Locatelli F, Aversa F, Castagna L, Bacigalupo A, Martelli M, Blaise D, Handgretinger R, Roy DC, O'Donnell P, Bashey A, Lazarus HM, Ballen K, Savani BN, Mohty M, Nagler A. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Consensus Guidelines for the Detection and Treatment of Donor Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies (DSA) in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation:1-14, 2018. PMID: 29335625.
- Oran B, Saliba RM, Carmazzi Y, de Lima M, Rondon G, Ahmed S, Alousi A, Andersson BS, Anderlini P, Alvarez M, Bashir Q, Ciurea S, Fernandez-Vina M, Hosing C, Kebriaei P, Korbling M, Cano P, khouri I, Marin D, Nieto Y, Olson A, Popat U, Rezvani K, Qazilbash M, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Cao K,. Effect of non-permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches after unrelated allogeneic transplantation with in vivo T cell depletion. Blood 131(11):1248-1257, 2018. PMID: 29386198.
- Ciurea SO, Schafer JR, Bassett R, Denman CJ, Cao, K, Willis D, Rondon G, Chen J, Soebbing D, Kaur I, Gulbis A, Ahmed S, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ, Lee DA, Champlin RE. Phase 1 clinical trial using mbIL21 ex vivo-expanded donor-derived NK cells after haploidentical transplantation. Blood 130(16):1857-1868, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28835441.
- Mehta RS, Saliba RM, Cao, K, Kaur I, Rezvani K, Chen J, Olson A, Parmar S, Shah N, Marin D, Alousi A, Hosing C, Popat U, Kebriaei P, Champlin R, de Lima M, Skerrett D, Burke E, Shpall EJ, Oran B. Ex Vivo Mesenchymal Precursor Cell-Expanded Cord Blood Transplantation after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimens Improves Time to Neutrophil Recovery. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 23(8):1359-1366, 2017. PMID: 28506845.
- Shah N, Li L, McCarty J, Kaur I, Yvon E, Shaim H, Muftuoglu M, Liu E, Orlowski RZ, Cooper L, Lee D, Parmar S, Cao K, Sobieiski C, Saliba R, Hosing C, Ahmed S, Nieto Y, Bashir Q, Patel K, Bollard C, Qazilbash M, Champlin R, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ. Phase I study of cord blood-derived natural killer cells combined with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. British Journal of Haematology 177(3):457-466, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28295190.
- Stringaris K, Marin D, Barrett AJ, Hills R, Sobieski C, Cao, K, Saltarrelli JG, Daher M, Shaim H, Smith N, Linch D, Gale R, Allen C, Sekine T, Mehta R, Champlin R, Shpall EJ, Kantarjian H, Garcia-Manero G, Rezvani K.. KIR gene haplotype: an independent predictor of clinical outcome in MDS patients. Blood 128(24):2819-2823, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27760759.
- Gaballa S, Ge I, El Fakih R, Brammer JE, Kongtime P, Tomuleasa C, Wang SA, Lee D, Petropoulos D, Cao K, Rondon G, Chen J, Hammerstrom A, Lombardi L, Alatrash G, Korbling M, Oran B, Kebriaei P, Ahmed S, Shah N, Rezvani K, Marin D, Bashir Q, Alousi A, Nieto Y, Qazilbash M, Hosing C, Popat U, Shpall EJ, Khouri I, Champlin RE, Ciurea SO. Results of a 2-Arm, phase 2 clinical trial using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease in haploidentical donor and mismatched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer 122 (2016)(21):3316-3326, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27404668.
- Lee DA, Denman CJ, Rondon G, Woodworth G, Chen J, Fisher T, Kaur I, Fernandez-Vina M, Cao K, Ciurea S, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE. Haploidentical Natural Killer Cells Infused before Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myeloid Malignancies: A Phase l Trial. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 22 (2016)(7):1290 - 1298, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27090958.
- Sekine T, Marin D, Cao K, Li L, Mehta P, Shaim H, Sobieski C, Jones R, Oran B,. Specific combinations of donor and recipient KIR-HLA genotypes predict for large differences in outcome after cord blood transplantation. Blood 128(2):297 - 312, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27247137.
- Oran B, Cao, K (co-first author), Saliba RM, de Lima M, Ahmed Sairah, Hosint CM, Popat UR, Carmazzi Y, Kebriaei P, Kieto Y, Rondon G, Willis D, Shah N, Parmar S, Olson A, Moore B, Rezvani K, Fernández-Viña M, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ. Better alelle-level matching improves transplant-related mortality after double cord blood transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy. Haematologica 100(10):1361-1370, 2015. PMID: 26250579.
- Ciurea SO, Thall PF, Milton DR, Barnes TH, Kongtim P, Carmazzi Y, Lopez AA, Yap DY, Popat U, Rondon G, Lichtiger B, Aung F, Afshar-Kharghan V, Ma Q, Fernandez-Vina M, Champlin RE, Cao K,. Complement-Binding Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies and Risk of Primary Graft Failure in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 21(8):1392-1398, 2015. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 25985919.
- Liu L, Wu Y, Cao, K, Xu YY, Gao XH, Chen HD, Geng L. Shikonin inhibits IFN-y-induced K17 over-expression of HaCaT cells by interfering with STAT3 signaling. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 8 (8) (2015)(1936-2625):9202-9207, 2015. PMID: 26464667.
- Hamdi A, Cao, K, Poon LM, Aung F, Kornblau S, Fernandez Vina MA, Champlin RE, Ciurea SO. Are changes in HLA Ags responsible for leukemia relapse after HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic SCT?. Bone Marrow Transplantation 50 (2015)(3):411-413, 2015. PMID: 25621795.
- Reinsmoen NL, Lai CH, Mirocha J, Cao, K, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Haas M, Rafiei M, Czer L, Patel J, Kobashigawa J. Increased Negative Impact of Donor HLA-Specific Together with Non-HLA-Specific Antibodies on Graft Outcome. Transplantation 97(5):595-601, 2014. PMID: 24162250.
- Fernández-Viňa MA, Hollenbach JA, Lyke KE, Sztein MB, Maiers M, Klitz W, Cano P, Mack S, Single R, Brautbar C, Israel S, Raimondi E, Khoriaty E, Inati A, Andreani M, Testi M, Moraes ME, Thomson G, Stastny P, Cao K. Tracking human migrations by the analysis of the distribution of HLA alleles, lineages and haplotypes in closed and open populations (review). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 367(1590):820-829, 2012. PMID: 22312049.
- Jordan SC, Reinsmoen N, Lai CH, Cao, K, Kahwaji J, Peng A, Villicana R, Vo A. Desensitizing the broadly human leukocyte antigen-sensitized patient awaiting deceased donor kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 44(1):60-61, 2012. PMID: 22310579.
- Yanagida R, Czer LS, Reinsmoen NL, Cao, K, Rafiei M, De Robertis MA, Mirocha J, Kass RM, Kobashigawa JA, Trento A. Impact of virtual cross match on waiting times for heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 92(6):2104-2111, 2011. PMID: 22115224.
- Cao, K, Street J, Johnson J, Wang Q, Lau M, Darke C. A new HLA-C allele, C*08:43, identified during a UCLA Immunogenetics Centre cell exchange. Tissue Antigens 78(6):459-460, 2011. PMID: 21749330.
- Lai CH, Cao, K, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Mirocha J, Vo A, Jordan SC, Reinsmoen NL. Antibody testing strategies for deceased donor kidney transplantation after immunomodulatory therapy. Transplantation 92(1):48-53, 2011. PMID: 21562450.
- Lyke KE, Fernandez-Vina MA, Cao, K, Hollenbach J, Coulibaly D, Kone AK, Guindo A, Birdett LA, Hartzman RJ, Wahl AR, Hilderbrand WH, Doumbo OK, Plowe CV, Sztein MB. Association of HLA alleles with Plasmodium falciparum severity in Malian children. Tissue Antigens 77(6):562-571, 2011. PMID: 21447146.
- Kahwaji J, Sinha A, Toyoda M, Ge S, Reinsmoen N, Cao, K, Lai CH, Villicana R, Peng A, Jordan S, Vo A. Infectious complications in kidney-transplant recipients desensitized with rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin J Am Soc Neph 6(12):2894-2900, 2011. PMID: 22157713.
- Reinsmoen NL, Lai CH, Heidecke H, Cao, K, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Mirocha J, Vo AA, Jordan SC, Dragun D. Anti-angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) antibody associated with C4d+ antibody mediated rejection (AMR) in patients with no donor HLA specific antibody (DHSA). Transplantation 90(12):1473-1477, 2010. PMID: 21030904.
- Vo AA, Peng A, Toyoda M, Kahwaji J, Cao, K, Lai CH, Reinsmoen NL, Villicana R, Jordan SC. Use of intravenous immune globulin and rituximab for desensitization of highly HLA-sensitized patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Transplantation 89(9):1095-1102, 2010. PMID: 20110854.
- Jordan SC, Reinsmoen N, Peng A, Lai CH, Cao, K, Villicana R, Toyoda M, Kahwaji J, Vo AA. Advances in diagnosing and managing antibody-mediated rejection (review). Pediatr Nephrology 55(10):2035-2048, 2010. PMID: 20077121.
- Street J, Johnson J, Pepperall J, Cao, K, Darke C. A new HLA-DRB1 allele: DRB1*0343. Tissue Antigens 76(3):255-256, 2010. PMID: 20492593.
- Mack SJ, Tu B, Lazaro A, Yang R, Lancaster AK, Cao, K, Ng J, Hurley CK. HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies distinguish Eastern European Americans from the general European American population. Tissue Antigens 73(1):17-32, 2009. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 19000140.
- Leffell MS, Cao, K, Coppage M, Hansen LA, Hart JM, Pereira N, Pereira S, Reinsmoen NL, Senitzer D, Smith A, Torres M, Vega1 R, Fuchs E. Incidence of humoral sensitization in HLA partially mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Tissue Antigens 74(6):494-498, 2009. PMID: 19804563.
- Reinsmoen NL, Lai CH, Vo A, Cao, K, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Jordan SC. Acceptable donor-specific antibody levels allowing for successful deceased and living donor kidney transplantation after desensitization therapy. Transplantation 86(6):820-825, 2008. PMID: 18813107.
- Lazaro AM, Xiao Y, Cao, K, Masaberg C, Nichol L, Ng J, Hurley CK, Posch PE. Twenty-three novel alleles increase diversity at the HLA-C locus. Tissue Antigens 71(6):560-633, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18380775.
- Lazaro AM, Xiao Y, Cao, K, Masaberg C, Nichol L, Ng J, Hurley CK, Posch PE. Expanding diversity at the HLA-B locus: 28 novel HLA-B alleles. Tissue Antigens 71(5):471-4, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18331525.
- Lazaro AM, Xiao Y, Cao, K, Masaberg C, Nichol L, Ng J, Hurley CK, Posch PE. Thirty-two novel HLA-A alleles identified during intermediate resolution testing. Tissue Antigens 71(2):165-8, 2008. e-Pub 2007. PMID: 18069934.
- Tu B, Mack SJ, Lazaro A, Lancaster A, Thomson G, Cao, K, Chen M, Ling G, Hartzman RJ, Ng J, Hurley CK. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in an African American population. Tissue Antigens 69(1):73-85, 2007. PMID: 17212710.
- Hou L, Tu B, Ling G, Tang T, Cao, K, Steiner NK, Lazaro A, Ng J, Hartzman RJ, Hurley CK. Strategies for evaluating B*18 allelic diversity by sequence-based typing applied to studies of a population from Singapore and African-Americans. Tissue Antigens 67(1):66-69, 2006. PMID: 16451205.
- Lazaro AM, Steiner NK, Cao, K, Slack R, Chen DS, Xiao Y, Beduhn E, Ng J, Hartzman RJ, Hurley CK. Searching for HLA-DRB1*1206 in volunteer marrow donors in four US population groups. Tissue Antigens 68(5):439-441, 2006. PMID: 17092258.
- Lazaro AM, Cao, K, Masaberg C, Steiner NK, Xiao Y, Tu B, Turner V, Nickerson P, Stoll S, Schall C, Valdez R, Ng J, Hartzman RJ, Hurley CK. Twenty-three novel HLA-B alleles identified during intermediate-resolution testing. Tissue Antigens 68(3):245-248, 2006. PMID: 16948646.
- Helms C, Saccone NL, Cao L, Daw JA, Cao, K, Hsu TM, Taillon-Miller P, Duan S, Gordon D, Pierce B, Ott J, Rice J, Fernandez-Vina MA, Kwok PY, Menter A, Bowcock AM. Localization of PSORS1 to a haplotype block harboring HLA-C and distinct from corneodesmosin and HCR. Hum Genet 118(3-4):466-76, 2005. e-Pub 2005. PMID: 16235096.
- Han S-X, Shang Y-B, Li J-H, Gneg , Zhai N, Cao, K, Song F-J. High resolution DNA typing for HLA-A, B, Cw genes by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes method in the Shenyang Ban population. Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics 22(6):665-667, 2005. PMID: 16331567.
- Cao, K, Moormann AM, Lyke KE, Masaberg C, Sumba OP, Doumbo OK, Koech D, Lancaster A, Nelson M, Meyer D, Single R, Hartzman RJ, Plowe CV, Kazura J, Mann DL, Sztein MB, Thomson G, Fernández-Viña MA. Differentiation between African populations is evidenced by the diversity of Alleles and Haplotypes of HLA class I Loci. Tissue Antigens 63(4):293-325, 2004. PMID: 15009803.
- Demarest JF, Jack N, Cleghorn FR, Greenberg ML, Hoffman TL, Ottinger JS, Fantry L, Edwards J, O'Brien TR, Cao K, Mahabir B, Blattner WA, Bartholomew C, Weinhold KJ. Immunologic and virologic analyses of an acutely HIV type 1-infected patient with extremely rapid disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17(14):1333-1344, 2001. PMID: 11602044.
- Ellexson-Turner ME, Leffell MS, Zachary AA, Turner S, Bennett T, Sidebottom DA, Cao K, Fernández-Viña MA, Hildebrand WH. Sequence-Based Typing of HLA-Class I Alleles in Alaskan Yupik Eskimo. Human Immunology 62(6):639-644, 2001. PMID: 11390039.
- Hollenbach JA, Thomson G, Fernández-Viña MA, Cao, K, Erlich HA, Bugawan T, Winkler C, Klitz W. HLA diversity, differentiation and haplotype evolution in mesoamerican natives. Hum Immunology 62:378-390, 2001. PMID: 11295471.
- Bowcock AM, Shannon W, Du FH, Duncan J, Cao, K, Aftergut K, Catier J, Fernández-Viña MA, Menter A. Insights into psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases from large scale gene expression studies. Hum Mol Gent 10(17):1793-1805, 2001. PMID: 11532989.
- Cao, K, Hollenback J, Shi X, Shi W, Chopek M, Fernández-Viña MA. Analysis of the frequencies of HLA-A, B, and C alleles and haplotypes in the five major ethnic groups of the United States reveals high levels of diversity in these loci and contrasting distribution patterns in these populations. Human Immunology 62(9):1009-1030, 2001. PMID: 11543903.
- Mann DL, Garner R, Dayhoff DE, Cao, K, Fernández-Viña MA, Birx DL, Michael NL. Major histocompatibility complex genotype is associated with disease progression and viral load levels in a cohort of HIV-1 infected Caucasians and African-Americans. J Infect D 178(6):1799-1802, 1998. PMID: 9815238.
- Yu N, Ohashi M, Salazar M, Cao, K, Fernández-Viña MA, Yunis EJ. Typing of HLA-B*15 alleles using sequence-specific primers. Tissue Antigens 52(3):260-269, 1998. PMID: 9802606.
- Xu SY, Song FJ, Dong XP, O GC, Li HG, Cao, K, Xiao Y, Wang FX. HLA antigens and polyposis of gall bladder. Chinese Medical Genetics J 10(3):135-137, 1993.
- Cao, K, Song FJ, Li HG, Xu SY, Liu ZH, Su XH, Wang FX. Association between HLA antigens and families with psoriasis vulgaris. Chin Med J. (Engl) 106(2):132-135, 1993. PMID: 8504697.
- Xiao Y, Song FJ, Li HG, Xu SY, Cao, K, Su XH, Wang FX. Study on association between HLA antigens and pustular psoriasis palmaris and plantaris. Chinese Dermatology J 25(4):262-263, 1992.
- Xu SY, Song FJ, Cao, K, Xiao Y, Li HG, Wang FX, He WD, O GC, Tong XP. Family study on association between polyposis of gall bladder and HLA antigens. Chinese Immunology J 8(5):295-297, 1992.
- Cao, K, Song FJ, Li HG, Xu SY, Liu ZH, Su XH, Wang FX. Association between HLA Antigens and Families with psoriasis vulgaris. Chinese Dermatology J 23(6):381-383, 1990.
- Cao, K. Report of a case with granuloma on the skin. Chinese Dermatology J 21(4):205-207, 1988.
- Cao, K. Report on manifestation on the skin of three cases with hemophilia. Chinese Dermatology J 19(4):232-233, 1986.
Abstracts
- Cao K, Carmazzi Y, Shpall E, Guerrero E, Barnes T, Moore B, Willis D, Hosing C, Oran B, Sadeghi T, Ngo V, Artigas AT, Armitage S, Fernández-Viña M, Rezvani K. Distribution of KIR HLA ligands in transplant patients and their cord blood unit (CBU) donors. Human Immunology 75(Supl 1):89, 2014.
- Reinsmoen NL, Lai C-H, Mirocha J, Cao K, Ong GD, Naim M, Wang Q, Riega S, Rafiei M, Patel J, Kobashigawa J. Increased Negative Impact of Anti-Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antibodies Together with de novo Donor HLA Specific Antibodies on Grant Outcome in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart and Lung Trasplant 32(4):S113, 2013.
- Cao K, Fernández-Viña M, Barnes T, Carmazzi Y, Patel H, Partlow D, Cano P, Champlin R, Ciurea SO. Levels of Anti-HLA Donor Specific Antibodies (DSA) and Graft Outcome in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 19(2 (Supplement 2)):S344, 2013.
- Reinsmoen JL, Lau C-H, Mirocha J, Cao K, Naim M, Ong GD, Wang Q, Guong H, Riega S, Rafiei M, Patel J, Kobashigawa J. Anti-Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Antibodies Associated With Rejection in Donor HLA Antibody Negative Recipients. Am J Transplant 13(5):456, 2013.
- Cao K, Guerrero E, Carmazzi Y, Barnes T, Cano P, Rezvani K, Shpall E, Fernández-Viña M. Diversify HLA-ligands (HLA-L) for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in umbilical cord blood units (UCBU) could benefit patients (PTS) in need of hematophoietic stem cells (HSC) transplants (Tx). Human Immunology 74(51):25, 2013.
- Zhao W, Guerrero E, Willis D, Barnes T, Carmazzi Y, Partlow D, Cano P, Cao K. Identification of novel HLA alleles by sequence based typing (SBT): A*01:114, A*02:397, A*11:129, A*32:46, B*44:160 and C*07:307. Human Immunology 74(51):141, 2013.
- Cano P, Patel H, Cao K. Anti HLA-Class-I antibodies an platelet transfusion refractoriness. Hman Immunology 74(51):169, 2013.
- Cao K, Lai CH, Flores SV, Rafiei M, Mirocha J, Haas M, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Constanza L, Patel J, NL Reinsmoen, Kobasigawa J. Anti-Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) Antibodies together with Anti-HLA Donor Specific Antibodies (HLA-DSA) Identify Patients at Risk for Immune Complication in Heart Transplant. Heart and Lung Transplantation 31(4S):S163, 2012.
- Cao K, Lai CH, Flores SV, Rafiei M, Mirocha J, Hass M, Ong G, Naim M, Wang Q, Constanza L, Patel P, Reinsmoen NL, Kobashigawa J. Anti-Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) Antibodies Together with Anti-HLA Donor Specific Antibodies (HLA-DSA) identify Patients at Risk for Immune Complication in Heart Transplant. Supplemental to the Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 31(4S):463, 2012.
- Vo AA, Choi J, KahwajuJ, Cisneros K, Peng A, Villicana R, Reinsmoen N, Lai CH, Cao K, Jordan SC. Analysis of Factors Associated with Risk for Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Broadly Sensitized Patients Desensitized for Deceased Donor (DD) Transplantation. Am J Transpl 12(S3(12)):414, 2012. e-Pub 2012.
- Vo AA, Choi J, Kahwaji J, Cisneros K, Peng A, Villicana R, Reinsmoen M, Lai CH, Cao K, Jordan SC. Analysis of Factors Associated with Unresponsiveness to Densitization Using IVIG and Rituximab in Broadly HLA Sensitized Patients. Amer J Transp 12(Sup 3(12)):233, Abstract #691, 2012.
Book Chapters
- Reinsmoen NL, Cao K, Lai C-H. Immunologic Disorders Autoimmunity: Genetics and Immunlogic Mechanisms. In: Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics. 6th. Elsevier Ltd, Chapter 76:1763-1776, 2013.
- Cao K, Fernández-Viña MA. Populations: African American, Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian Pacific Islander and Native American from the United States. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 648-651, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña. MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the specificity HLA-A2. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 949-952, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the specificities A23 and A24. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 953-958, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the antigen group A28 and its serologic splits A68 and A69. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 965-972, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viñ. MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the specificities B35, B51, B52, B53 and B78. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 973-996, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the B12 antigen group (B44, B45) and the B21 antigen group (B49 and B50). In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop & Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 997-1003, 2006.
- Yunis EJ, Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the specificities HLA-B7, B42, B73, B81, B82 and B22. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1010-1016, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viñ. MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with the B40 antigen groups B40 and its serologic splits B60 and B61. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1038-1042, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with HLA-B41. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1043-1045, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with HLA-B47. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1046-1050, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with HLA-B48. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1051-1054, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic Epitopes associated with specificities Bw4 and Bw6. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1070-1072, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with Cw4, Cw6. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1079-1082, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdett L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with Cw5, 8, 12, 14, 16. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1083-1086, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdette L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with Cw7. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1087-1088, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdette L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with HLA-B13. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1091-1096, 2006.
- Gutierrez M, Stoddard J, Machan C, Burdette L, Cao K, Hartzman RJ, Fernández-Viña MA. Report of the serologic reactivity of alleles associated with B37. In: Immunology of the Human MHC, Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. IHWG Press: Seattle, WA, 1097-1103, 2006.
- Hurley CK, Cao K, Tang T, Steiner N, Lazaro AM, Howard HC, Ng J.. Molecular Methods: HLA Alleles. In: Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology. ASM Press: Washington, D.C, 1198-1214, 2006.
- Song FJ, Cao K. Dermatology and Dermatological sex-transmitted Diseases. In: Textbook for Chinese rural doctors. Publishing House of People’s Health: Beijing, 1992.