
Sarvari Yellapragada, MD
Department of Lymphoma - Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor, Department of Lymphoma - Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
2000 | Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN, Medicine, MBBS |
Postgraduate Training
2006-2008 | Postgraduate Fellow, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas |
2003-2005 | Resident, St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, New York |
2002-2003 | Intern, St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, New York |
Licenses & Certifications
2008 | ABIM Oncology |
2008 | ABIM Hematology |
2006 | American Board of Internal Medicine |
null | Texas Medical License |
Experience & Service
Faculty Academic Appointments
Tenured Professor of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 2023 - 2025
Tenured Associate Professor of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 2019 - 2023
Tenure Track Associate Professor of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 2016 - 2019
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 2008 - 2009
Staff Physician, Department of Medicine, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, 2008 - 2025
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 2008 - 2016
Extramural Institutional Committee Activities
Chair, National VA Clinical Pathways Team Malignant Heme, MEDVAMC, 2024 - Present
Member, National VA Clinical Pathways Team Malignant Heme, MEDVAMC, 2023 - Present
Member, Internal Medicine residency Interview committee, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2022 - Present
Member, Star Award Panel, Baylor College of Medicine, 2022 - Present
Member, National VA Hematology Virtual Tumor Board, MEDVAMC, 2022 - Present
Member, National VA Hematology Pathways Committee, MEDVAMC, 2022 - Present
Member, Star Award Panel, Baylor College of Medicine, 2021 - Present
Member, Internal Medicine residency Interview committee, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2021 - Present
Chair, Cancer Committee, MEDVAMC, 2016 - Present
Chair, Survivorship Subcommittee of MEDVAMC, MEDVAMC, 2015 - 2016
Member, National VA Advisory Committee for Tele-Hematology/Oncology, MEDVAMC, 2015 - 2016
Chair, Clinical Research Subcommittee of MEDVAMC, MEDVAMC, 2014 - 2015
Member, Blood Utilization or Transfusion Committee, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2013 - Present
Member, Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Steering Committee, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2013 - Present
Member, VISN 16 Cancer Committee, MEDVAMC, 2011 - Present
Chair, Multidisciplinary Tumor Board, MEDVAMC, 2010 - 2014
Member, Member of the Cancer Committee, MEDVAMC, 2008 - Present
Honors & Awards
2024 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year by fellowship |
2023 - Present | Inquiry advisor for medical students, Baylor College of Medicine |
2023 - Present | BCM Hem Onc fellowship teaching award for VA hematology |
2023 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year by fellowship |
2023 - Present | Core educational VA faculty for internal medicine residency |
2023 - Present | Outstanding ambulatory subspecialty faculty, Internal medicine |
2022 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year by fellowship |
2022 - Present | Outstanding inpatient specialty faculty, Internal medicine residents |
2022 - Present | Hem Onc fellowship teaching service award for VA hematology |
2021 - Present | Norton Rose Fulbright award for Teaching and Evaluation |
2021 - Present | Winner of Faculty Essay on Diversity in Medicine |
2020 - Present | Award from VA Cancer Center section, Physician of the Quarter |
2019 - Present | Award from VA Cancer Center section, Physician of the Quarter |
2018 - Present | Outstanding Ambulatory Teaching Faculty Medical students |
2018 - Present | Star Clinician Award, Baylor College of Medicine |
2018 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year by fellowship |
2018 - Present | Excellence in Health equities Research, Baylor College of Medicine |
2017 - Present | Outstanding Ambulatory Teaching Faculty for Medical students |
2015 - Present | Rising Star Clinician Award, Baylor College of Medicine |
2014 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year by fellowship |
2014 - Present | Award from Director of the MEDVAMC for clinical excellence |
2012 - Present | Hematology Outstanding Faculty of the year |
2012 - Present | Fulbright and Jaworski Teaching Award in Teaching and Evaluation |
2009 - Present | T32 Award for Hematology Research |
Professional Memberships
Selected Presentations & Talks
National Presentations
- 2024. RVD With Weekly Bortezomib Has a Favorable Toxicity and Effectiveness Profile in a Large Cohort of US Veterans With Multiple Myeloma. Poster. AVAHO Annual Meeting 2024, US.
- 2024. The First Female Patient in the Veteran Affairs System to Receive Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) T-cell Therapy for Refractory Multiple Myeloma and the Role of CAR T-cell Therapy in Penta-refractory Disease. Poster. AVAHO Annual Meeting 2024. Atlanta, Georgia, US.
- 2024. The First Patient in the Veteran Affairs System to Receive Chimeric Antigen Receptors T-cell Therapy for Refractory Multiple Myeloma and the Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Prevention of Therapy-associated Infections. Poster. AVAHO Annual Meeting 2024, US.
- 2023. BCMA: The Ultimate Target in Plasma Cell Neoplasms. Poster. Housestaff Symposium 2023. Houston, Texas, US.
- 2023. Persistent Leukocytosis; A Rare Case of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia. Poster. Housestaff Symposium 2023. Houston, Texas, US.
- 2020. Improving patient navigation and time to hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Poster. SHM 2020, US.
- 2019. Treatment of acquired factor VIII inhibitor in the setting of bullous pemphigoid. Poster. SGIM 2019, US.
- 2017. The Light Chain Escape Phenomenon in Multiple Myeloma. Poster. SGIM 2017, US.
- 2017. The Light Chain Escape Phenomenon in Multiple Myeloma. Poster. SHM 2017, US.
Grant & Contract Support
Date: | 2024 - 2025 |
Title: | Conversational AI for Monitoring Cancer Therapy-Induced Toxicity |
Funding Source: | Baylor College of Medicine |
Role: | PI |
Date: | 2015 - 2015 |
Title: | Improving the Cancer Survivorship Journey for veterans |
Funding Source: | Office of Rural Health |
Role: | PI |
Date: | 2011 - 2014 |
Title: | Improving Quality of Hematology and Oncology Care for Veterans through Telemedicine |
Funding Source: | Office of Rural Health |
Role: | Co-I |
Title: | : Feasibility of a tele-game-based exercise (Tele-Exergame) program to prevent deconditioning in hospitalized COVID-19 patients |
Funding Source: | VA RR&D |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab Followed by Lenalidomide Versus Rituximab Maintenance for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular, Marginal Zone or Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MAGNIFY) |
Funding Source: | Celgene |
Role: | PI |
Title: | An open label, randomized (2:1) phase 2b study of Dasatinib vs. Imatinib in patients with chronic phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia who have not achieved an optimal response to 3 months of therapy with 400 mg imatinib |
Funding Source: | BMS Oncology |
Role: | PI |
Title: | A Phase 3 Open Label Trial of Lenalidomide / Dexamethasone with or without Elotuzumab in subjects with previously untreated multiple myeloma |
Funding Source: | BMS Oncology |
Role: | PI |
Title: | Studying interventions for managing patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in chronic phase: the 5-year prospective cohort study (SIMPLICITY) |
Funding Source: | BMS Oncology |
Role: | PI |
Title: | A phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double blind study to compare the efficacy and safety of oral Azacitidine plus best supportive care versus Placebo plus best supportive care in subjects with red blood cell transfusion-dependent anemia and thrombocytopenia due to IPSS lower-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
Funding Source: | Celgene |
Role: | PI |
Title: | A parallel-group, randomized, open-label study to evaluate two lenalidomide dose regimens when used in combination with low dose dexamethasone for the treatment of subjects with relapsed multiple myeloma |
Funding Source: | Celgene |
Role: | PI |
Title: | MajesTEC-9: A randomized phase 3 study of teclistamab versus pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone or carfilzomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma |
Funding Source: | Janssen |
Role: | PI |
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Patel N, Al Hadidi S, Yellapragada S. Pathophysiology and Treatments of Complications of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia. Clin Hematol Int 6(4):11-18, 2024. PMID: 39417016.
- Inchaustegui C, Yellapragada S, Badawy J, Ahmed A, White A, Sargsyan Z. Dyspneic and pink. J Hosp Med 19(7):623-628, 2024. PMID: 38563412.
- Nguyen TM, Amenta E, Chapman L, Yellapragada S, Krishnan B, Lim J, Hamill RJ. Ibrutinib-associated cutaneous mucormycosis due to an Apophysomyces species: report of a case and review of the literature. Ther Adv Infect Dis, 2024. PMID: 38545450.
- Cay G, Sada YH, Dehghan Rouzi M, Uddin Atique MM, Rodriguez N, Azarian M, Finco MG, Yellapragada S, Najafi B. Harnessing physical activity monitoring and digital biomarkers of frailty from pendant based wearables to predict chemotherapy resilience in veterans with cancer. J Rural Health 14(1):2612, 2024. PMID: 38297103.
- Lurain K, Zarif TE, Ramaswami R, Nassar AH, Adib E, Abdel-Wahab N, Chintapally N, Drolen CE, Feldman T, Haykal T, Nebhan CA, Kambhampati S, Li M, Mittra A, Lorentsen M, Kim C, Drakaki A, Morse M, Johnson DB, Mangla A, Dittus C, Ravi P, Baiocchi RA, Chiao EY, Rubinstein PG, Yellapragada SV, LaCasce AS, Sonpavde GP, Naqash AR, Herrera AF. Real-World Multicenter Study of PD-1 Blockade in HIV-Associated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Across the United States. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 24(8):523-530, 2023. PMID: 38714474.
- Yellapragada S, Iakova P, Moree SE, Hsu JI, Mistry RM, Stossi F, Lulla P, Sun Z, Sahin E, Yellapragada SV, Catic A. Proteasome Inhibitors Silence Oncogenes in Multiple Myeloma through Localized Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) Stabilization and Chromatin Condensation. Cancer Res Commun 2(12):1693-1710, 2022. PMID: 36846090.
- Khan S, Alam ST, Ramos RT, Mbue JE, Apostolidou E, Rivero GA, Yellapragada SV. Luspatercept in Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Real-World Single Institution Case Series. Clin Hematol Int 4(4):148-151, 2022. PMID: 35997953.
- Alam ST, Dongarwar D, Lopez E, Yellapragada S, Rivero G, Huang Q, Miler-Chism C, Mims M, Salihu HM. Disparities in mortality among acute myeloid leukemia-related hospitalizations. Cancer Med 12(3):3387-3394, 2022. PMID: 35924430.
- Khan S, Premji S, Huang Q, Verstovsek G, Bushan S, Yellapragada SV. An eye‐catching atypical illustration of the evaluation and management of AL amyloidosis secondary to myeloma. Clin Case Rep 9(12):e05176, 2021. PMID: 34938552.
- Fillmore NR, Cirstea D, Munjuluri A, Yameen H, Yellapragada SV, Do NV, Brophy MT, Szalat RE, Munshi NC. Lack of differential impact of del17p on survival in African Americans compared with White patients with multiple myeloma: a VA study. Blood Adv 5(18):3511-3514, 2021. PMID: 34428278.
- Al Hadidi S, Yellapragada S. Treatment Options for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Luxury or a Challenge?. JAMA Oncol 7(10):1449-1450, 2021. PMID: 34383000.
- Kang GE, Murphy TK, Kunik ME, Badr HJ, Workeneh BT, Yellapragada SV, Sada YH, Najafi B. The detrimental association between fear of falling and motor performance in older cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 88:161-166, 2021. PMID: 34091147.
- DuMontier C, Fillmore NR, Yildirim C, Cheng D, La J, Orkaby AR, Charest B, Cirstea D, Yellapragada S, Gaziano JM, Do N, Brophy MT, Kim DH, Munshi NC, Driver JA. Contemporary Analysis of Electronic Frailty Measurement in Older Adults with Multiple Myeloma Treated in the National US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Cancers (Basel) 13(12):3053, 2021. PMID: 34207459.
- DuMontier C, La J, Bihn J, Corrigan J, Yildirim C, Dharne M, Hassan H, Yellapragada S, Abel GA, Gaziano JM, Do NV, Brophy M, Kim DH, Munshi NC, Fillmore NR, Driver JA. Real-world outcomes with bortezomib-containing regimens and lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for the treatment of transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma: a multi-institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group database. Blood Adv 193(3):532-541, 2021. PMID: 37582048.
- Maneix L, Sweeney MA, Lee S, Iakova P, Moree SE, Sahin E, Lulla P, Yellapragada SV, Tsai FTF, Catic A. The Mitochondrial Protease LonP1 Promotes Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 13(4):843, 2021. PMID: 33671345.
- Nguyen CB, Li M, Verstovsek G, Sen U, Swierenga C, Huang Q, Rivero G, Yellapragada SV. Primary bone lymphoma of the ilium successfully treated without radiation. Clin Case Rep 8(12):3129-3132, 2020. PMID: 33363894.
- Yellapragada SV, Fillmore NR, Frolov A, Zhou Y, Dev P, Yameen H, Ifeorah C, Do NV, Brophy MT, Munshi NC. Vitamin D deficiency predicts for poor overall survival in white but not African American patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 4(8):1643-1646, 2020. PMID: 32315398.
- Fillmore NR, Yellapragada SV, Ifeorah C, Mehta A, Cirstea D, White PS, Rivero G, Zimolzak A, Pyarajan S, Do N, Brophy M, Munshi NC. With equal access, African American patients have superior survival compared to white patients with multiple myeloma: a VA study. Blood Adv 133(24):2615-2618, 2019. PMID: 31003998.
- Zahiri M, Chen KM, Zhou H, Nguyen H, Workeneh BT, Yellapragada SV, Sada YH, Schwenk M, Najafi B. Using wearables to screen motor performance deterioration because of cancer and Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in adults- Toward an early diagnosis of CIPN 10(6):960-967, 2019. PMID: 30665876.
- Chang E, Sabichi AL, Kramer JR, Hartman C, Royse KE, White DL, Patel NR, Richardson P, Yellapragada SV, Garcia JM, Chiao EY. Nivolumab Treatment for Cancers in the HIV-infected Population. J Immunother 19(12):3223-3232, 2018. PMID: 30020193.
- Chang E, Rivero G, Patel NR, Chiao EY, Lai S, Bajaj K, Mbue JE, Yellapragada SV. HIV-related Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Case Report of Complete Response to Nivolumab. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 18(2):e143-e146, 2018. PMID: 29342442.
- Li A, Yellapragada SV, Mims M, Frolov A, Rivero GA. Significant improvement in overall survival among patients diagnosed with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Br J Haematol, 2017. PMID: 27061100.
- Amini B, Yellapragada S, Shah S, Rohren E, Vikram R. State-of-the-Art Imaging and Staging of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias. Radiol Clin North Am 54(3):581-96, 2016. PMID: 27153790.
- Molina M, Yellapragada S, Mims M, Rahman E, Rivero G. Pulmonary Complications of Azanucleoside Therapy in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Case Rep Hematol 2015(1):357461, 2015. PMID: 26798526.
- Girnius SK, Lee S, Kambhampati S, Rose MG, Mohiuddin A, Houranieh A, Zimelman A, Grady T, Mehta P, Behler C, Hayes TG, Efebera YA, Prabhala RH, Han A, Yellapragada SV, Klein CE, Roodman GD, Lichtenstein A, Munshi NC. . A Phase II trial of weekly bortezomib and dexamethasone in veterans with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma not eligible for or who deferred autologous stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 169(1):36-43, 2015. PMID: 25572917.
- Khalid U, Awar O, Verstovsek G, Cheong B, Yellapragada SV, Jneid H, Deswal A, Virani SS. Case report: isolated cardiac amyloidosis: an enigma unravelled. Case report: Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 11(1):53-8, 2015. PMID: 25793032.
- Nautiyal K, Li R, Yellapragada S, Thiagarajan P, Mims M, Rivero G. Progressive transfusion and growth factor independence with adjuvant sertraline in low risk myelodysplastic syndrome treated with an erythropoiesis stimulating agent and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Leuk Res Rep 4(1):1-3, 2014. PMID: 25709889.
- Albany C, Alva AS, Aparicio AM, Singal R, Yellapragada S, Sonpavde G, Hahn NM. Epigenetics in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer, 2011. PMID: 22191037.
- Alva AS, Hahn NM, Aparicio AM, Singal R, Yellapragada S, Sonpavde G. Hypomethylating agents for urologic cancers, 2011. PMID: 21417907.
- Guchhait P, Dasgupta SK, Le A, Yellapragada S, López JA, Thiagarajan P. Lactadherin mediates sickle cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells in flowing blood. Haematologica 92(9):1266-7, 2007. PMID: 17768123.
Review Articles
- Hussain M, Yellapragada S, Al Hadidi S. Differential Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article. Blood Lymphat Cancer 13:33-57, 2023. PMID: 37731771.
Other Articles
- Fillmore NR, DuMontier C, Yildirim C, La J, Epstein MM, Cheng D, Cirstea D, Yellapragada S, Abel GA, Gaziano JM, Do N, Brophy M, Kim DH, Munshi NC, Driver JA Defining Multimorbidity and Its Impact in Older United States Veterans Newly Treated for Multiple Myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst 113(8):1084-1093, 2021. PMID: 33523236.
Abstracts
- Kirby C, Atweh G, Rosko AE, Friedman DR, Yellapragada S, Vashistha V. Clinicopathologic features and outcomes associated with induction regimen intensity among older veterans with myeloma. 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Jang A, Hamad H, Teegarapavu S, Yellapragada SV, Rivero GA. Inferior Survival Among Polycythemia Vera Patients Exhibiting Body Mass Index Reduction 5(120), 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Jang A, Hamad H, Teegarapavu S, Yellapragada S, Rivero G. Inferior Survival Among Polycythemia Vera Patients Exhibiting Body Mass Index Reduction 1, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Sen Aditi A, Nidhi A, Sarvari Y, Mbue John E, Maulin S. Novel Treatment Option for PLA2R-Positive Membranous Nephropathy 33(11S):506, 2022. e-Pub 2022.
- Catic A, Maneix L, Iakova P, Mistry R, Stossi F, Yellapragada S, Lulla P. Epigenetic Silencing of MYC By Proteasome Inhibitors. ASH 2021 138(1):2212, 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Premji S, Yildirim C, Fillmore N, Yellapragada S, Brophy M, Do N, Huang Q, Friedman D, Munshi N. Second primary malignancies (SPM) in African American (AA) and white patients with multiple myeloma in the National Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. ASCO Annual Meeting 2021 39(15), 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Romero J, Mazzini J, Yellapragada SV, Sosa IR, Rivero GA. Elderly Hemopoietic and Inflammatory Signature for Life-Threatening COVID-19 Infection. ASH 2020 136(1):36-37, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Yellapragada S, Frolov A, Fillmore N, Dev P, Shafi Ifeorah C, Do N, Munshi N. Vitamin D deficiency predicts for poor overall survival in white but not African American patients with multiple myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting 2018 4(8):1643-1646, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Fillmore N, Yellapragada S, Yildirim C, Afrough A, Attanathi A, Chizoba I, Do N, Brophy M, Munshi N. Incidence of Second Primary Malignancies and Association with Treatment in US Veterans with Multiple Myeloma. ASH Annual Meeting 2019 134(1):1806, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Munjuluri A, Fillmore N, Cirstea D, Yameen H, Yellapragada S, Ifeorah C, Do N, Brophy M, Munshi N. With Equal Access, African Americans with Non-del17p Multiple Myeloma Have Superior Overall Survival, but del17p Still Carries Poor Prognosis across Race: A VA Study. ASH Annual Meeting 2019 134(1):4388, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Talukder R, Yellapragada S, Hussein H, Rivero G. Predictive Factors for Complete Remission and Survival in AML Patients Failing to Achieve Adequate Bone Marrow Day 14 Blast Eradication. ASH Annual Meeting 2018 132(1):1464, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Fillmore N, Yellapragada S, Ifeorah C, Do N, Munshi M. With Equal Access and Utilization of Resources,Younger African American Patients Have Superior Survival Compared to Caucasian Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma at the Veterans Affairs Hospitals. ASH Annual Meeting 2018 132(1):3191, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Yellapragada S, Ifeorah C, Fletcher L, Rivero G, Yasin Z, Krieger J, Mulchandani A, Catic A, Mims MP. Differential response to carfilzomib based on initial therapy with bortezomib in multiple myeloma. ASCO Annual Meeting 2017, 2017. e-Pub 2017.
- Rodriguez C, Pedro A, Yellapragada S, Mims MP, Rivero G. Traceable Red Cell Distribution Width Modifications Are Observed Prior to MDS Diagnosis and Primarily Associated with Cardiovascular Organ Dysfunction. ASH Annual Meeting 2016 128(22):5537, 2016. e-Pub 2016.
Book Chapters
- Yellapragada SV, Bergstrom KL. Hematological disorders. In: Handbook of Clinical Adult Genetics and Genomics. Academic Press, 213-230, 2020.
- Huang Q, Cannon N, Teegavarapu S, Yellapragada S. Myeloid Disorders. In: Handbook of Benign Hematology. Springer Publishing Company, 49-47, 2019.
- Lulla P, Yellapragada S. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. In: Tumor board review: guideline and case reviews in oncology. Demos Medical Publishing, 322-336, 2015.
- Arani M, Yellapragada SV. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. In: Tumor Board Review: Guideline and Case Reviews in Oncology, 305-326.
Patient Reviews
CV information above last modified October 03, 2025