Steven J. Schapiro, PHD
Department of Comparative Medicine, Division of Discovery Science
About Dr. Steven J. Schapiro
Steven J. Schapiro, Ph.D. is an associate professor of comparative medicine in the Department of Veterinary Sciences at the Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research. Dr. Schapiro earned his Ph.D. from the University of California at Davis, after receiving his B.A. from Johns Hopkins University. He completed a postdoctoral research fellowship at the Caribbean Primate Research Center of the University of Puerto Rico and joined the Department of Veterinary Sciences at the Keeling Center in 1989. In 2009, Dr. Schapiro was designated an Honorary Professor in the Department of Experimental Medicine at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dr. Schapiro has coauthored approximately 170 peer-reviewed papers and book chapters on nonhuman primate behavior, behavioral management, and related research topics. Dr. Schapiro’s research focuses on 1) issues relevant to applied primate behavioral management and 2) collaborative investigations of numerous facets of primate (especially) chimpanzee sociality, behavior, and cognition. As PI or co-Investigator on multiple NIH-, NSF-, and Templeton-funded grants and subcontracts, Dr. Schapiro has established the logistical expertise to make certain that studies involving the nonhuman primates at the Keeling Center can be conducted quickly, efficiently, effectively, and most importantly, safely.
He is a founding faculty member of both the Primate Training and Enrichment Workshop and the Primate Behavioral Management Conference, educational programs conducted at the Keeling Center that have reached over 800 individuals from primate facilities around the globe. He is the editor of the recently published Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management (CRC Press).
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor of Comparative Medicine, Division of Discovery Science, Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX
Section Chief, Primate Behavior and Environmental Enrichment, Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
| 1985 | University of California-Davis, Davis, California, US, Ph.D. in Comparative Psychology |
| 1983 | University of California-Davis, Davis, California, US, MA in Comparative Psychology |
| 1980 | Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, US, BA in Behavioral Biology |
Postgraduate Training
| 1985-1986 | Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan |
Experience & Service
Extramural Institutional Committee Activities
Reviewer, UT Austin - UTMDACC Pilot Grant Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2022 - Present
Member, Search Committees, Clinical Veterinarian, Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2021 - Present
Reviewer, Institutional Research Grant Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2020 - Present
Sister Institution Network Fund, Grant Review Committee, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2012 - Present
Editorial Activities
Co-Editor, Special Issue, Veterinary Sciences, 2024 - 2025
Review Editor, Frontiers in Conservation Science, 2023 - Present
Member of Editorial Review Board, American Journal of Primatology, 2018 - Present
Co-Editor, ILAR Journal, 2006
Honors & Awards
| 2024 - Present | Lifetime Achievement Award, African Primatological Society |
| 2018 | Presidential Service Award, International Primatological Society |
| 2012 | Distinguished Service Award, American Society of Primatologists |
| 2012 - Present | Honorary Professor of Comparative Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Department of Experimental Medicine |
| 2011 - Present | Honorary Member, Association of Primate Veterinarians |
| 2004 | Refinement Award, Animal Welfare Institute |
| 2003 | Charles Hunter Lecture, American Association for Laboratory Animal Science |
| 2003 | Outstanding Educator, UTMDACC |
| 1992 | IPS Travel Grant |
| 1988 | Instructional Development Award, UC Davis |
| 1983 - 1984 | Research Studentship, Institute of Primate Research, Kenya |
| 1982 - 1983 | Alternate, University of California Regents Fellowship |
| 1982 - 1983 | Master Teaching Assistant, Department of Psychology, UC Davis |
| 1982 - 1983 | Out-of-state Tuition Waiver, UC Davis |
| 1982 | Nominee for Outstanding Graduate Student Teacher, UC Davis |
| 1982 | Scholarship, Fieldwork in Animal Behavior, Georgia Tech |
| 1981 | Western Psychological Association Student Award |
| 1977 - 1980 | Dean's List, Johns Hopkins University |
Professional Memberships
Selected Presentations & Talks
National Presentations
- 2023. The Role of the Keeling Center in Primate Research and Wellbeing. Conference. ASP Conference. Reno, Nevada, US.
- 2020. Behavioral Training as Part of the Animal Health Care Program, 7th Annual Symposium: 3Rs: Practical Solutions and Success Stories. Conference. Behavioral Training as Part of the Animal Health Care Program, 7th Annual Symposium: 3Rs: Practical Solutions and Success Stories. via the web, US.
- 2019. Physical Therapy for Captive Chimpanzees Using Positive Reinforcement Training. Conference. Physical Therapy for Captive Chimpanzees Using Positive Reinforcement Training. Denver, CO, US.
- 2019. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Conference. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Denver, CO, US.
- 2019. Sustaining Long-term Commitments in Primate Research and Conservation. Conference. Sustaining Long-term Commitments in Primate Research and Conservation. Madison, WI, US.
- 2019. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Conference. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Bastrop, TX, US.
- 2019. Establishing and Managing a Behavioral Management Program for Nonhuman Primates. Conference. Establishing and Managing a Behavioral Management Program for Nonhuman Primates. Webinar, US.
- 2018. 3Rs for the CPRC/Project Monkey Island. Conference. 3Rs for the CPRC/Project Monkey Island. Baltimore, MD, US.
- 2018. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Conference. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Bastop, TX, US.
- 2017. Behavioral Management. Conference. Behavioral Management. Baltimore, MD, US.
- 2016. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Conference. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Bastrop, TX, US.
- 2016. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Conference. Research Collaborations and Behavioral Management. Bastrop, TX, US.
International Presentations
- 2023. Issues Related to the Participation of Macaca fascicularis in Research in the US. Conference. International Primatological Society/Malaysian Primatological Society Meeting, MY.
- 2017. Using Behavioural Management Techniques to Minimise Inter-individual Variation. Conference. Using Behavioural Management Techniques to Minimise Inter-individual Variation. Shanghai, CN.
- 2017. Nonhuman Primate Behaviour and Positive Reinforcement Training (PRT). Conference. Nonhuman Primate Behaviour and Positive Reinforcement Training (PRT). Shanghai, CN.
Formal Peers
- 2022. Global Use of Long-Tailed Macaques, International Conference on Long-Tailed Macaques. Invited, US.
- 2022. Emphasizing Positive Reinforcement Training as a Component of the Behavioral Management of Captive Chimpanzees. Invited, US.
- 2022. Automated Cognitive Testing Systems for Data Collection, Environmental Enrichment, and Health Monitoring, Online summer course: Current issues in Conservation Biology and Biomedical Research On Non-Human Primates: From Basic to Applied Sciences. Invited, US.
- 2021. Overview of Comparative Psychology in Primates, National Meeting on Comparative Psychology and Evolutionary Anthropology. Invited, US.
- 2021. Thoughts on the Welfare of Those Who Care for Laboratory Animals: Compassion, Dedication, and Resilience. Invited, US.
- 2020. Thoughts on the Welfare of Those Who Care for Laboratory Animals: Compassion, Dedication, and Resilience. Invited. Webinar, US.
- 2020. Behavioral Management of Nonhuman Primates in Research Settings. Invited. Webinar, SE.
- 2019. Establishing and Managing a Behavioral Management Program for Nonhuman Primates. Invited, US.
- 2018. Primate Behavioral Management. Invited. College Station, TX, US.
- 2018. Primate Behavioral Management. Invited. Madison, WI, US.
- 2016. Primate Behavioral Management. Invited. Jefferson, AR, US.
- 2016. Behavioral management of nonhuman primates in research settings. Invited. Princeton, NJ, US.
Grant & Contract Support
| Date: | 2024 - 2028 |
| Title: | Targeting Local B Cells to Prevent Chronification of Neuropathic Pain |
| Funding Source: | Department of Defense |
| Role: | Co-I |
| Date: | 2022 - 2025 |
| Title: | Targeting STAT3 Signaling to Promote Recovery from Neuropathic Pain |
| Funding Source: | Department of Defense |
| Role: | Co-I |
| Date: | 2020 - 2025 |
| Title: | Operation and Maintenance of the Chimpanzee Care Center (CCC) |
| Funding Source: | NIH |
| Role: | Co-I |
| Date: | 2020 - 2024 |
| Title: | Collaborative Research: Epigenetics in Development and Evolution of Primate Brains |
| Funding Source: | National Science Foundation (NSF) |
| Role: | CO-I |
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Achorn AM, Mulholland MM, Cox CM, Phillips KA, Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Sherwood CC, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Planum Temporale Asymmetries in Primates. Am J Biol Anthropol 186(1):e25060, 2025. e-Pub 2025. PMID: 39815716.
- Niehorster DC, Whitham W, Lake BR, Schapiro SJ, Andolina IM, Yorzinski JL. Enhancing eye tracking for nonhuman primates and other subjects unable to follow instructions: Adaptive calibration and validation of Tobii eye trackers with the Titta toolbox. Behav Res Methods 57(1), 2024. e-Pub 2024.
- Whitham W, Karstadt B, Anderson NC, Bischof WF, Schapiro SJ, Kingstone A, Coss R, Birmingham E. Predator gaze captures both human and chimpanzee attention. POLS ONE 19(11 November), 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 39570943.
- Neal SJ, Schapiro SJ, Magden ER. Longitudinal baboon (Papio anubis) neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and correlations with monthly sedation rate and within-group sedation order. Vet Sci 11(9):423, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 39330802.
- Neal SJ, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Magden ER. Nursery- vs. mother-reared baboons: Reproductive success and health parameters. Vet Sci 11(9):416, 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 39330795.
- Neal Webb SJ, Achorn AM, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD, Simmons JH. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in captive olive baboons (Papio anubis). Am J Primatol 86(6), 2024. e-Pub 2024. PMID: 38482892.
- Magden ER, Neal Webb SJ, Lambeth SP, Buchl SJ, Schapiro SJ. The Effects of Oral Lavender Therapy on Wounding in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animals 13(8), 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 37106945.
- Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ. Locomotion as a Measure of Well-Being in Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animals 13(5), 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36899659.
- Hopkins WD, Coulon O, Meguerditchian A, Staes N, Sherwood CC, Schapiro SJ, Mangin JF, Bradley BJ. Genetic determinants of individual variation in the superior temporal sulcus of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Cereb Cortex 33(5):1925-1940, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 35697647.
- Hopkins WD, Li X, Roberts N, Mulholland MM, Sherwood CC, Edler MK, Raghanti MA, Schapiro SJ. Age differences in cortical thickness and their association with cognition in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Neurobiol Aging 126:91-102, 2023. e-Pub 2023. PMID: 36958104.
- Watson SK, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Innovative multi-material tool use in the pant-hoot display of a chimpanzee. Sci Rep 12(1), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36446876.
- Hopkins WD, Mulholland MM, Mareno MC, Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ. Neuroanatomical correlates of individual differences in the object choice task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Front Psychol 13, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36507015.
- Vale GL, Williams L, Neal Webb S, Schapiro SJ, Bronson SF. Female squirrel monkeys’ (Saimiri boliviensis) responses to inequity in a group context; testing a link between cooperation and inequity responses. Anim Behav 193:51-62, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36467329.
- Staes N, Guevara EE, Hopkins WD, Schapiro SJ, Eens M, Sherwood CC, Bradley BJ. The role of serotonergic gene methylation in regulating anxiety-related personality traits in chimpanzees. Biology 11(11):1673, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 36421387.
- Yorzinski JL, Troscianko J, Briolat E, Schapiro SJ, Whitham W. A songbird can detect the eyes of conspecifics under daylight and artificial nighttime lighting. Environ Pollut 313:120000, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35995296.
- Hopkins WD, Sprung-Much T, Amiez C, Procyk E, Petrides M, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC. A comprehensive analysis of variability in the sulci that define the inferior frontal gyrus in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) brain. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 179(1):31-47, 2022. e-Pub 2022.
- Whitham W, Schapiro SJ, Troscianko J, Yorzinski J. The gaze of a social monkey is perceptible to conspecifics and predators but not prey. Proc Biol Sci, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35642370.
- Hopkins WD, Westerhausen R, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC. Heritability in corpus callosum morphology and its association with tool use skill in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Reproducibility in two genetically isolated populations. Genes Brain Behav 21(2), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35044083.
- Mulholland MM, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD. Phenotypic and genetic associations between gray matter covariation and tool use skill in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). NeuroImage 257, 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35551989.
- Staes N, White CM, Guevara EE, Eens M, Hopkins WD, Schapiro SJ, Stevens JM, Sherwood CC, Bradley BJ. Chimpanzee Extraversion scores vary with epigenetic modification of dopamine receptor gene D2 (DRD2) and early rearing conditions. Epigenetics 17(12):1701-1714, 2022. PMID: 35345970.
- Whitham W, Schapiro SJ, Troscianko J, Yorzinski JL. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) gaze is conspicuous at ecologically-relevant distances. Sci Rep 12(1), 2022. e-Pub 2022. PMID: 35661127.
- Hopkins WD, Staes N, Mulholland MM, Schapiro SJ, Rosenstein M, Stimpson S, Bradley BJ, Sherwood CC. Gray Matter Variation in the Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Is Associated with Polymorphisms in the KIAA0319 Gene in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). eNeuro 8(6), 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34815295.
- O’Bryan LR, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Wilson ML. Playbacks of food-associated calls attracts chimpanzees towards known food patches in a captive setting. Primates, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34351528.
- Darusman HS, Wern TL, Sajuthi D, Schapiro SJ, Hau J. Age-related cognitive impairment is associated with low serum concentrations of testosterone and CSF levels of amyloid beta 42 in male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J Med Primatol, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34363401.
- Westerhausen R, Fjell AM, Kompus K, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC, Walhovd KB, Hopkins WD. Comparative morphology of the corpus callosum across the adult lifespan in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans. Journal of Comparative Neurology 529(7):1584-1596, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 32978976.
- Mulholland MM, Sherwood CC, Schapiro SJ, Raghanti MA, Hopkins WD. Age- and cognition-related differences in the gray matter volume of the chimpanzee brain (Pan troglodytes): A voxel-based morphometry and conjunction analysis. Am J Primatol, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33899958.
- Vale GL, McGuigan N, Burdett E, Lambeth S, Lucas A, Rawlings B, Schapiro SJ, Watson S, Whiten A. Why do chimpanzees have diverse behavioral repertoires yet lack more complex cultures? Invention and social information use in a cumulative task. Evol Hum Behav 42:247-256, 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Hopkins WD, Procyk E, Petrides M, Schapiro SJ, Mareno MC, Amiez C. Sulcal morphology in cingulate cortex is associated with voluntary oro-facial motor control and gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Cerebral Cortex 31(6):2845-2854, 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Nehete P, Nehete B, Wilkerson G, Schapiro SJ, Williams LE. Effects of relocation on immunological and physiological measures in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis). PLOS ONE, 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Wesley MJ, Latzman R, Schapiro SJ, Mareno MC, Bradley BJ, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD. Predicting their past: Machine language learning can discriminate the brains of chimpanzees with different early life social rearing experiences. Developmental Science, 2021. e-Pub 2021.
- Darusman HS, Mariya SS, Saepuloh U, Mariya S, Sajuthi D, Schapiro SJ, Hau J. Increased expression of GAPDH in cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous cognitive decline and amyloidopathy reminiscent of an Alzheimer’s-type Disease is reflected in the circulation. Am J Primatol, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34196425.
- Mulholland MM, Neal Webb SJ, Mareno MC, Schweller K, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Are conspecific social videos rewarding to chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)? A test of the social motivation theory. PLoS One 16(11), 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34818358.
- Mulholland MM, Navabpour SV, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Young LJ, Hopkins WD. AVPR1A variation is linked to gray matter covariation in the social brain network of chimpanzees. Genes Brain Behav 19(4):e12631, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 31894656.
- Neal Webb SJ, Bridges JP, Thiele E, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. The implementation and initial evaluation of a physical therapy program for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- DeCasien AR, Sherwood CC, Schapiro SJ, Higham JP. Greater variability in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) brain structure among males. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 287, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Hopkins WD, Mulholland MM, Reamer LA, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ. The role of early social rearing, neurological and genetic factors on individual differences in mutual eye gaze among captive chimpanzees. Scientific Reports 10:7412, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Mulholland MM, Mahovetz LM, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Differences in the mutual eye gaze of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 134:318-322, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Spocter MA, Sherwood CC, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Reproducibility of leftward planum temporale asymmetries in two genetically isolated populations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Proc Biol Sci 287(1934):20201320, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32900313.
- Reamer LA, Neal Webb SJ, Jones R, Thiele E, Haller RL, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Hanley PW. Validation and utility of a body condition scoring system for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 82(10):e23188, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 32856319.
- Watson SK, Burkart JM, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Mueller JL, Townsend SW. Non-Adjacent Dependency Processing in Monkeys, Apes and Humans. Science Advances 6(43), 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Westerhausen R, Fjell AM, Kompus K, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC, Walhovd KB, Hopkins WD. Morphology of the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) corpus callosum across the adult lifespan: a comparison with human developmental trajectories. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- O’Bryan LR, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Wilson ML. Unpacking chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) patch use- Do individuals respond to food patches as predicted by the marginal value theorem?. Am J Primatol 82(12):e23208, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 33118192.
- Hopkins WD, Mareno MC, Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ, Raghanti MA, Sherwood CC. Age-related changes in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cognition: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Am J Primatol 83(3):e23214, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 33169860.
- Vickery S, Dahnke R, Hoffstaedter F, Sherwood C, Schapiro SJ, Latzman R, Gaser C, Hopkins WD, Eickhoff S. Chimpanzee brain morphometry utilizing standardized MRI preprocessing and macroanatomical annotations. eLife:9e60136, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC, Raghanti MA, Hopkins WD. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): The effects of sex, age, and rearing. PLoS One 15(12):e0244092, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 33326497.
- Rawlings B, Flynn E, Freeman H, Reamer L, Wood L, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Kendal R. Sex differences in longitudinal personality stability in chimpanzees. Evol Hum Sci 2:e46, 2020. e-Pub 2020. PMID: 37588391.
- Neal Webb SJ, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Does group size matter? Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) behavior as a function of group size and composition. Am J Primatol 81(1), 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30620093.
- Hopkins WD, Latzman RD, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Gomez-Robles A, Sherwood CC. Heritability of gray matter structural co-variation and tool use skills in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): A source-based morphometry and quantitative genetic analysis. Cereb Cortex 29(9):3702-3711, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30307488.
- Davis SJ, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Wood, LA, Whiten, A. Behavioral conservatism is linked to complexity of behavior in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Implications for cognition and cumulative culture. J Comp Psychol 133(1):20-35, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30024238.
- Bailoo JD, Quinius B, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD, Bennett AJ. Freestanding bipedal posture and coordinated bimanual manipulation significantly influence lateralized hand use in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Comp Psychol 133(2):171-182, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30372106.
- Vale GL, Williams LE, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Brosnan SF. Responses to economic games of conflict and cooperation in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis). Anim Behav Cogn 6(1):32-47, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 32055674.
- Hall K, Smith M, Russell JR, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Brosnan SF. Chimpanzees rarely settle on consistent patterns of play in the Hawk Dove, Assurance, and Prisoner’s Dilemma Games, in a token exchange task. Anim Behav Cogn 6(1):48-70, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31245532.
- Bloomsmith MA, Clay AW, Lambeth SP, Lutz CK, Breaux SD, Lammey ML, Franklin AN, Neu KA, Perlman JE, Reamer LA, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Vazquez M, Bourgeois SR. Survey of behavioral indices of welfare in research chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the United States. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 58(2):160-177, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30764895.
- Darusman HS, Agungpriyono DR, Kusumaputri VA, Sajuthi D, Schapiro SJ, Hau J. Granulovacuolar degeneration in brains of senile cynomolgus monkeys. Front Aging Neurosci 11:50, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 30899220.
- Neal Webb SJ, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Relationships between captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) welfare and voluntary participation in behavioural studies. Appl Anim Behav Sci 214:102-109, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31244501.
- Staes N, Sherwood CC, Freeman H, Brosnan SF, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD, Bradley BJ. Serotonin receptor 1A variation is associated with anxiety and agonistic behavior in chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 36(7):1418-1429, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31045220.
- Singh SV, Staes N, Guevara EE, Schapiro SJ, Ely JJ, Hopkins WD, Sherwood CC, Bradley BJ. Evolution of ASPM coding variation in apes and associations with brain structure in chimpanzees. Genes Brain Behav 18(7):e12582, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31119860.
- Shelton KA, Nehete BP, Chitta S, Williams LE, Schapiro SJ, Simmons J, Abee CR, Nehete PN. Effects of transportation and relocation on immunological measures in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 58(6):774-782, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31604484.
- Schapiro SJ, Neal Webb SJ, Mulholland MM, Lambeth SP. Behavioral management is a key component of ethical research. ILAR Journal 60(3):389-396, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 33434922.
- Neal Webb SJ, Hau J, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Differences in Behavior Between Elderly and Nonelderly Captive Chimpanzees and the Effects of the Social Environment. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 58(6):783-789, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31645233.
- Hopkins WD, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ. Further Evidence of a Left Hemisphere Specialization and Genetic Basis for Tool Use Skill in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Reproducibility in Two Genetically Isolated Populations of Apes. J Comp Psychol 133(4):512-519, 2019. PMID: 31246047.
- Neal Webb SJ, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Refinements to captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) care: a self-medication paradigm. Anim Welf 27(4):327-341, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 31244511.
- Neal Webb SJ, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) behavior as a function of space per animal and enclosure type. Am J Primatol 80(3):e22749, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29575053.
- Latzman RD, Boysen ST, Schapiro SJ. Neuroanatomical correlates of hierarchical personality traits in chimpanzees: Associations with limbic structures. Personal Neurosci 1:e4, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 32435726.
- Watson SK, Vale GL, Hopper LM, Dean LG, Kendal RL, Price EE, Wood LAN, Davis SJ, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Whiten A. Chimpanzees demonstrate individual differences in social information use. Anim Cogn 21(5):639-650, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29922865.
- Watson SK, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Whiten A. Chimpanzees prioritise social information over pre-existing behaviours in a group context but not in dyads. Anim Cogn 21(3):407-418, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29574554.
- Neal Webb S, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Voluntary participation in health care: Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) choose medication. Animal Welfare 27:327-241, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Hopkins WD, Meguerditchian A, Coulon O, Misura M, Pope S, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ. Motor skill for tool-use is associated with asymmetries in Broca's Area and the motor hand area of the precentral gyrus in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behav Brain Res 318:71-81, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 27816558.
- Latzman RD, Patrick CJ, Freeman HJ, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Etiology of triarchic psychopathy dimensions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Clin Psychol Sci 5(2):341-354, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28503367.
- Vale GL, Davis SJ, van de Waal E, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Whiten A. Lack of conformity to new local dietary preferences in migrating captive chimpanzees. Anim Behav 124:135-144, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29200465.
- Watson SK, Reamer L, Mareno MC, Vale G, Harrison R, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Whiten A. Socially transmitted diffusion of a novel behavior from subordinate chimpanzees. Am J Primatol 79(6), 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28171684.
- Hopkins W, Coulon O, Meguerditchian A, Autrey M, Davidek K, Pope S, Mahovetz L, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ. Genetic factors and orofacial motor learning selectively influence variability in central sulcus morphology in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Neurosci 37(22):5475-5483, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28473646.
- Vale GL, Davis SJ, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Whiten A. Acquisition of a socially learned tool use sequence in chimpanzees: Implications for cumulative culture. Evol Hum Behav 38(5):635-644, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29333058.
- Latzman RD, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Triarchic psychopathy dimensions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Investigating associations with genetic variation in the vasopressin receptor 1a gene. Front Neurosci 11:407, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28769746.
- Vale GL, Flynn EG, Kendal J, Rawlings B, Hopper LM, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Kendal RL. Testing differential use of payoff-biased social learning strategies in children and chimpanzees. Proc Biol Sci 284(1868):20171751, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29187629.
- Nehete PN, Shelton KA, Nehete BP, Chitta S, Williams LE, Schapiro SJ, Abee CR. Effects of transportation, relocation, and acclimation on phenotypes and functional characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PLoS One 12(12):e0188694, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29261698.
- Gomez-Robles A, Hopkins WD, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC. The heritability of chimpanzee and human brain asymmetry. Proc Biol Sci 283(1845), 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 28003442.
Abstracts
- Dobson KM, Carlos-Shanley C, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth S, Burges C, Clark P, Blair ME. A first glimpse of the captive Saimiri gut microbiome – Preliminary data. Am J Primatol 85(Suppl 1):99, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Hopkins WD, Webb SJN, Schapiro SJ. Age-related changes in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) neurocognitive, motor and physiological functions. Am J Primatol 85(Suppl 1):51, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Mulholland MM, Whitham W, Berkey M, Mason L, Pierre P, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins W. Automated cognitive testing systems (ACTS) for socially housed nonhuman primates. Am J Primatol 85(Suppl 1):3, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Whitham W, Schapiro SJ, Yorzinski JL. Spatiochromatic modeling of primate visual perception of eyes. Am J Primatol 85(Suppl 1):38, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Magden E, Lambeth S, Schapiro SJ. Training for veterinary procedures as a form of enrichment. Am J Primatol 84(Suppl 1):20, 2022. e-Pub 2022.
- Mulholland MM, Webb SJN, Miller MR, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Non-invasive techniques for assessing and modifying nonhuman primate behavior. American Journal of Primatology 82((Suppl 1)):22, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Norconk MA, Capitanio JP, Garber PA, Isbell LA, Schapiro SJ, Strier KB. Sustaining long-term commitments in primate research and conservation. Am J Primatol 82((Suppl 1)):16, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Reamer LA, Sproule ED, Clawson C, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Space use in captive olive baboons (Papio anubis). Am J Primatol 82((Suppl 1)):66, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Webb SJN, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD. Polymorphisms in vasopressin V1A receptor gene (AVPR1A) are associated with play, affiliative, and exploratory behavior in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 82((Suppl 1)):106, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Webb SJN, Mulholland MM, Schapiro SJ, Caine NG. Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show strong reactions to snake, but not lizard, models. Am J Primatol 82((Suppl 1)):59, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- White CM, Staes N, Guevara EE, Schapiro SJ, Hopkins WD, Sherwood CC, Bradley BJ. Dopamine receptor methylation is correlated with aspects of chimpanzee personality. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 171:306, 2020. e-Pub 2020.
- Vale GL, Williams LE, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Brosnan SF. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) respond to contrast and inequity in a group context. Am J Primatol 81((Suppl 1)):57, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Schapiro SJ, La Pierre MS, Ruiz-Lambides A. 3Rs for the CPRC/Project Monkey Island: Concepts and progress. Am J Primatol 81((Suppl 1)):7, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Mulholland MM, Webb SJN, Schapiro SJ, Caine NG. Heads you lose: The importance of various snake features in avoidance reactions by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 81((Suppl 1)):29, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Webb SJN, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) behavior as a function of group size and composition. American Journal of Primatology 81 (Suppl 1):33, 2019. e-Pub 2019.
- Webb SJN, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. A comparison of activity patterns of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed in primadomes™ or corrals. Am J Primatol 80((Suppl 1)):141, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Vale GL, Williams LE, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Brosnan SF. Responses to the assurance game in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis). Am J Primatol 80((Suppl 1)):54, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Latzman RD, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD. Neural and genetic mechanisms underlying tool use performance variation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology 80((Suppl 1)):44, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
- Bloomsmith MA, Lambeth S, Lutz C, Breaux S, Clay A, Franklin A, Neu K, Perlman JE, Reamer L, Mareno MC, Schapiro SJ, Vazquez M, Bourgeois S. Welfare measures for laboratory chimpanzees in the United States. Am J Primatol 80((Suppl 1)):145, 2018. e-Pub 2018.
Book Chapters
- Schapiro SJ, Hau J. Research benefits of improving welfare in captive primates. In: Nonhuman Primate Welfare, 445-462, 2023.
- Talbot CF, Reamer L, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ, Brosnan SF. Meeting the cognitive, behavioral, social, and other welfare needs. In: Primate Welfare. Elsevier, 2023.
- Mulholland MM, Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ. Behavioral needs and management of laboratory animals. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Fourth Edition. CRC Press, 109-122, 2021.
- Mulholland MM, Neal Webb SJ, Schapiro SJ. Animal models for human behavior. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Fourth Edition. CRC Press, 633-647, 2021.
- Neal Webb SJ, Mulholland MM, Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Reduction and refinement applied to laboratory animals. In: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Fourth Edition. CRC Press, 961-972, 2021.
- Schapiro SJ. An overview of behavioral management for laboratory animals. In: Behavioral Biology of Laboratory Animals. CRC Press, 65-86, 2021.
- Schapiro SJ, Coleman K. An introduction to the Behavioral Biology of Laboratory Animals. In: Behavioral Biology of Laboratory Animals. CRC Press, 3-5, 2021.
- Schapiro SJ, Magden ER, Reamer L, Mareno MC, Lambeth SP. Behavioral training as part of the health care program. In: Management of Animal Care and Use Programs in Research, Teaching, and Testing. Second Edition. Taylor & Francis, 771-792, 2018.
- Schapiro SJ. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. In: International Encyclopedia of Primatology. John Wiley & Sons, 1-2, 2017.
- Coleman K, Weed JL, Schapiro SJ. Psychological environmental enrichment of animals in research. In: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease. Second Edition. Elsevier, 47-69, 2017.
- Schapiro SJ. Introduction to the Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. In: Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. CRC Press, 3-8, 2017.
- Schapiro SJ, Brosnan SF, Whiten A, Kendal R, Sherwood CC, Lambeth SP, Hopkins WD. Collaborative research and behavioral management. In: Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. CRC Press, 243-254, 2017.
- Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Managing a Behavioral Management Program. In: Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. CRC Press, 265-276, 2017.
- Reamer L, Haller R, Lambeth SP, Schapiro SJ. Behavioral management of (Pan spp.). In: Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. CRC Press, 385-407, 2017.
Books (edited and written)
- Hau J, Schapiro SJ. Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Ed(s) 4th Edition. CRC Press, 2021.
- Coleman K, Schapiro SJ. Behavioral Biology of Laboratory Animals. Ed(s) 1st Edition. CRC Press, 2021.
- Schapiro SJ. Handbook of Primate Behavioral Management. CRC Press, 2017.
Letters to the Editor
- Watson SK, Burkart JM, Schapiro SJ, Lambeth SP, Mueller JL, Townsend SW. Reply to comment on "Nonadjacent dependency processing in monkeys, apes, and humans". Science Advances 7, 2021.
Patient Reviews
CV information above last modified March 09, 2026