Tong Joo (TJ) Gan, M.D., M.B.A., M.H.S., F.R.C.A.
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Pain Medicine
About Tong Joo Gan
Tong Joo (TJ) Gan, M.D., is the Division Head of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine. Gan has published over 300 peer-reviewed manuscripts focused on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and perioperative outcomes, investigating topics related to postoperative nausea and vomiting, pain, fluid and hemodynamic management, and anesthetic pharmacology. He is internationally known for his clinical research in perioperative outcomes and anesthetic pharmacology. He is also the primary author of the four international consensus guidelines on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting, including the one published in 2020.
Gan earned his medical degree from The London Hospital Medical College, University of London while also earning a Master of Health Sciences degree from Duke University. He completed his anesthesiology training at The University College Hospital in London, England, as well as specialty training in Intensive Care at The Middlesex Hospital in London. He earned his Master of Business Administration from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
His first faculty appointment was at Duke University, where he rose through the academic ranks. Gan served as Vice-Chair of Clinical Research and Faculty Development for Duke University Medical Center. In addition, he was faculty at Duke Clinical Research Institute and a Senior Research Fellow at the Duke Center for Integrative Medicine.
In 2014, Gan moved to Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University as Chair and Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology. In that role, he led a large team of faculty, residents and nurses, and supervised Long Island’s largest anesthesiology training program. He also established a formal faculty mentoring program, a wellness program and a gender and under-represented minorities (URM) committee that helped to increase these populations among faculty and staff.
Gan is a fellow of both the Royal College of Anaesthetists of England and the Faculty of Anaesthetists of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. He is the Founding President of the American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER), President of the Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI), President Elect of the Association of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs (AAAC), a Past President of the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia (SAMBA) and the International Society for Anesthetic Pharmacology (ISAP).
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Division Head, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Helen Shafer Fly Distinguished Professor, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
| 2017 | University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, MBA, Master of Business Administration |
| 2009 | University of London (Postgraduate), London, GBR, MD, Medicine |
| 2009 | Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, MHS, Master of Health Science |
| 1993 | British College of Acupuncture, London, GBR, Licentiate, Acupuncture |
| 1987 | The London Hospital Medical College University of London, London, GBR, MBBS, Medicine |
Postgraduate Training
| 2022-2022 | Certified Physician Executive (CPE), American Association for Physician Leadership, Tampa, FL |
| 1998-1999 | Senior House Officer, The Middlesex Hospital, London |
| 1993-1994 | Clinical Fellowship, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC |
| 1993-1993 | Anesthetic Senior Registrar, Royal Brompton Heart and Lung Hospital, London |
| 1992-1993 | Anesthetic Registrar, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex |
| 1992-1992 | Anesthetic Registrar, University College Hospital, London |
| 1991-1992 | Anesthetic Registrar, The Middlesex Hospital, London |
| 1990-1991 | Anesthetic Registrar, The Whittington and The Royal Northern Hospital, London |
| 1989-1990 | Senior House Officer, Department of Intensive Care, The Middlesex Hospital, London |
| 1988-1989 | Senior House Officer, The London Hospital, London |
| 1988-1988 | Senior House Officer, Accident and Emergency Department, The London Hospital, London |
| 1987-1988 | House Officer, Internal Medicine, Old Church Hospital, Romford |
| 1987-1988 | Internship, The London Hospital, London |
| 1987-1987 | House Officer, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The London Hospital, London |
Board Certifications
| 2022 | Certified Physician Executive (CPE), Certifying Commission in Medical Management (CCMM) |
| 2017 | Fellow of the American Society of Anesthesiologists |
| 2009 | Recertification, American Board of Anesthesiology |
| 1997 | Diplomate, American Board of Anesthesiology |
| 1994 | Diplomate, USMLE |
| 1992 | Fellow of the Faculty of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeon of Ireland |
| 1992 | Fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists of England |
Experience & Service
Academic Appointments
Professor, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 2014 - 2022
Professor, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 2014 - 2022
Associate Professor, Division of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2013 - 2014
Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2004 - 2014
Senior Research Fellow, Duke Center for Integrative Medicine, Durham, NC, 2001 - 2014
Associate Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 1999 - 2003
Assistant Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 1994 - 1999
Associate, Division of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 1993 - 1994
Administrative Appointments/Responsibilities
Vice-Chairman, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2007 - 2014
Institutional Committee Activities
Chair, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine Dean Search Committee, 2022 - 2022
Member, SUNY Stony Brook Pathology Department Review Committee, 2022 - 2022
Member, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine Search Committee Senior Vice President, 2021 - 2021
Member, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine Budget and Finance Committee, Stony Brook Clinical Practice Management, 2020 - Present
Member, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine Executive Committee, 2020 - Present
Member, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Dean's Strategic Planning Committee, 2020 - Present
Member, Stony Brook University Hospital Medical Executive Committee, 2020 - Present
Vice President, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Clinical Practice Management Plan, 2019 - Present
Chair, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine Pension Committee, 2015 - Present
Chairman, Duke University Medical Center Department Appointment, Promotion and Tenure Committee, 2010 - 2014
Vice-Chairman, Duke University Medical Center Faculty Development, 2009 - 2014
Vice-Chairman, Duke University Medical Center Clinical Research Committee, 2007 - 2014
Founding Medical Director, Duke University Medical Center Clinical Anesthesia Research Endeavor, 2006 - 2008
Director, Duke University Medical Center Clinical Research Committee, 2000 - 2008
Medical Director, Duke University Medical Center Perianesthetic are Unit, 1999 - 2007
Representative, Duke University Medical Center Department IRB Committee, 1996 - 2014
Endowed Positions
Distinguished Endowed Chair, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 2014 - 2022
Honors & Awards
| 2023 | Distinguished Service Award, Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia |
| 2002 | Society for Technology for Anesthesia Annual Innovative Award |
| 1998 | International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) Clinical Scholar Research Award |
| 1995 | Young Investigator Award |
Professional Memberships
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Yang BK, Gan TJ, Salmen CR, Cancel QV, Vieweg J, Dahm P. Radical perineal prostatectomy for treatment of localized prostate cancer in obese and nonobese patients: a matched control study. Urology 67(5):990-5, 2006. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 16635511.
- Leslie JB, Gan TJ. Meta-analysis of the safety of 5-HT3 antagonists with dexamethasone or droperidol for prevention of PONV. Ann Pharmacother 40(5):856-72, 2006. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 16670360.
- Olufolabi AJ, Gan TJ, Lacassie HJ, White WD, Habib AS. A randomized, prospective double-blind comparison of the efficacy of generic propofol (sulphite additive) with diprivan. Eur J Anaesthesiol 23(4):341-5, 2006. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 16438763.
- Barbeito A, Muir HA, Gan TJ, Reynolds JD, Spahn T, White WD, Panni MK, Schultz JR. Use of a modifier reduces inconsistency in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification in parturients. Anesth Analg 102(4):1231-3, 2006. PMID: 16551929.
- Habib AS, Itchon-Ramos N, Phillips-Bute BG, Gan TJ, Duke Women's Anesthesia (DWA) Research Group. Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation with the ReliefBand for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 102(2):581-4, 2006. PMID: 16428565.
- Gan TJ, Coop A, Philip BK, Kytril Study Group. A randomized, double-blind study of granisetron plus dexamethasone versus ondansetron plus dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg 101(5):1323-1329, 2005. PMID: 16243988.
- D'Angelo R, Philip B, Gan TJ, Kovac A, Hantler C, Doblar D, Melson T, Minkowitz H, Dalby P, Coop A. A randomized, double-blind, close-ranging, pilot study of intravenous granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 22(10):774-9, 2005. PMID: 16211739.
- Dahm P, Yang BK, Salmen CR, Moul JW, Gan TJ. Radical perineal prostatectomy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer in morbidly obese patients. J Urol 174(1):131-4, 2005. PMID: 15947597.
- Grocott MPW, Mythen MG, Gan TJ. Perioperative fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults. Anesth Analg 100(4):1093-1106, 2005. PMID: 15781528.
- Habib AS, Gan TJ. The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: a preliminary report. J Clin Anesth 17(1):62-5, 2005. PMID: 15721732.
- Gan TJ. Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are they all the same?. CNS Drugs 19(3):225-38, 2005. PMID: 15740177.
- Gan TJ, Joshi GP, Zhao SZ, Hanna DB, Cheung RY, Chen C. Presurgical intravenous parecoxib sodium and follow-up oral valdecoxib for pain management after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery reduces opioid requirements and opioid-related adverse effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48(9):1194-207, 2004. PMID: 15352969.
- Gan TJ, Jiao KR, Zenn M, Georgiade G. A randomized controlled comparison of electro-acupoint stimulation or ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 99(4):1070-1075, 2004. PMID: 15385352.
- Apfelbaum JL, Gan TJ, Zhao S, Hanna DB, Chen C. Reliability and validity of the perioperative opioid-related symptom distress scale. Anesth Analg 99(3):699-709, 2004. PMID: 15333398.
- Sebel PS, Bowdle TA, Ghoneim MM, Rampil IJ, Padilla RE, Gan TJ, Domino KB. The incidence of awareness during anesthesia: a multicenter United States study. Anesth Analg 99(3):833-839, 2004. PMID: 15333419.
- Habib AS, White WD, Eubanks S, Pappas TN, Gan TJ. A randomized comparison of a multimodal management strategy versus combination antiemetics for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 99(1):77-81, 2004. PMID: 15281507.
- Gan TJ, Joshi GP, Viscusi E, Cheung RY, Dodge W, Fort JG, Chen C. Preoperative parenteral parecoxib and follow-up oral valdecoxib reduce length of stay and improve quality of patient recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Anesth Analg 98(6):1665-1673, 2004. PMID: 15155324.
- Habib AS, El-Moalem HE, Gan TJ. The efficacy of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists combined with droperidol for PONV prophylaxis is similar to their combination with dexamethasone. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth 51(4):311-9, 2004. PMID: 15064259.
- Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth 51(4):326-41, 2004. PMID: 15064261.
- Joshi GP, Viscusi ER, Gan TJ, Minkowitz H, Cippolle M, Schuller R, Cheung RY, Fort JG. Effective treatment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain with intravenous followed by oral COX-2 specific inhibitor. Anesth Analg 98(2):336-342, 2004. PMID: 14742366.
- Breslin DS, Jiao K, Habib AS, Schultz J, Gan TJ. Pharmacodynamic interactions between cisatracurium and rocuronium. Anesth Analg 98(1):107-110, 2004. PMID: 14693597.
- Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg 97(2):534-540, 2003. PMID: 12873949.
- Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC, Chung F, Davis PJ, Eubanks S, Kovac A, Philip BK, Sessler DI, Temo J, Tramèr MR, Watcha M, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 97(1):62-71, table of contents, 2003. PMID: 12818945.
- Habib AS, Gan TJ. Food and drug administration black box warning on the perioperative use of droperidol: a review of the cases. Anesth Analg 96(5):1377-1379, 2003. PMID: 12707137.
- Habib AS, Gan TJ. Pharmacotherapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Pharmacother 4(4):457-73, 2003. PMID: 12667109.
- Moretti EW, Robertson KM, El-Moalem H, Gan TJ. Intraoperative colloid administration reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting and improves postoperative outcomes compared with crystalloid administration. Anesth Analg 96(2):611-7, table of contents, 2003. PMID: 12538221.
- Shang AB, Gan TJ. Optimising postoperative pain management in the ambulatory patient. Drugs 63(9):855-67, 2003. PMID: 12678572.
- Olson RP, Schow AJ, McCann R, Lubarsky DA, Gan TJ. Absence of adverse outcomes in hyperkalemic patients undergoing vascular access surgery. Can J Anaesth 50(6):553-7, 2003. PMID: 12826545.
- Erb TO, Hall JM, Ing RJ, Kanter RJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Gan TJ. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation: a randomized comparison of propofol- and isoflurane-based anesthetics. Anesth Analg 95(6):1577-81, table of contents, 2002. PMID: 12456419.
- Gan TJ, Soppitt A, Maroof M, el-Moalem H, Robertson KM, Moretti E, Dwane P, Glass PS. Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery. Anesthesiology 97(4):820-6, 2002. PMID: 12357146.
- Moretti EW, Robertson KM, Tuttle-Newhall JE, Clavien PA, Gan TJ. Orthotopic liver transplant patients require less postoperative morphine than do patients undergoing hepatic resection. J Clin Anesth 14(6):416-20, 2002. PMID: 12393108.
- Martin G, Bennett-Guerrero E, Wakeling H, Mythen MG, el-Moalem H, Robertson K, Kucmeroski D, Gan TJ. A prospective, randomized comparison of thromboelastographic coagulation profile in patients receiving lactated Ringer's solution, 6% hetastarch in a balanced-saline vehicle, or 6% hetastarch in saline during major surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 16(4):441-6, 2002. PMID: 12154422.
- Schow AJ, Lubarsky DA, Olson RP, Gan TJ. Can succinylcholine be used safely in hyperkalemic patients?. Anesth Analg 95(1):119-22, table of contents, 2002. PMID: 12088954.
- Wilkes NJ, Woolf RL, Powanda MC, Gan TJ, Machin SJ, Webb A, Mutch M, Bennett-Guerrero E, Mythen M. Hydroxyethyl starch in balanced electrolyte solution (Hextend)--pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 94(3):538-44; table of contents, 2002. PMID: 11867371.
- Gan TJ. Postoperative nausea and vomiting--can it be eliminated?. JAMA 287(10):1233-6, 2002. PMID: 11886298.
- Habib AS, Gan TJ. Combination therapy for postoperative nausea and vomiting - a more effective prophylaxis?. Ambul Surg 9(2):59-71, 2001. PMID: 11454483.
- Gan TJ, Madan R, Alexander R, Jhaveri R, El-Moalem H, Weatherwax K, Glass PS. Duration of action of vecuronium after an intubating dose of rapacuronium, vecuronium, or succinylcholine. Anesth Analg 92(5):1199-202, 2001. PMID: 11323346.
- Dexter F, Gan TJ, Naguib M, Lubarsky DA. Cost identification analysis for succinylcholine. Anesth Analg 92(3):693-9, 2001. PMID: 11226104.
- Klein SM, Slaughter TF, Vail PT, Ginsberg B, El-Moalem HE, Alexander R, D'Ercole F, Greengrass RA, Perumal TT, Welsby I, Gan TJ. Thromboelastography as a perioperative measure of anticoagulation resulting from low molecular weight heparin: a comparison with anti-Xa concentrations. Anesth Analg 91(5):1091-5, 2000. PMID: 11049889.
- Fabling JM, Gan TJ, El-Moalem HE, Warner DS, Borel CO. A randomized, double-blinded comparison of ondansetron, droperidol, and placebo for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after supratentorial craniotomy. Anesth Analg 91(2):358-61, 2000. PMID: 10910848.
- Soppitt AJ, Glass PS, Howell S, Weatherwax K, Gan TJ. The use of propofol for its antiemetic effect: a survey of clinical practice in the United States. J Clin Anesth 12(4):265-9, 2000. PMID: 10960196.
- Iselin-Chaves IA, El Moalem HE, Gan TJ, Ginsberg B, Glass PS. Changes in the auditory evoked potentials and the bispectral index following propofol or propofol and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 92(5):1300-10, 2000. PMID: 10781275.
- Hill RP, Lubarsky DA, Phillips-Bute B, Fortney JT, Creed MR, Glass PS, Gan TJ. Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, droperidol, or placebo. Anesthesiology 92(4):958-67, 2000. PMID: 10754614.
- Soppitt AJ, Glass PS, el-Moalem H, Ginsberg B, Weatherwax K, Gan TJ. Duration and recovery profile of cisatracurium after succinylcholine during propofol or isoflurane anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 11(8):652-6, 1999. PMID: 10680107.
- Fleming NW, Chung F, Glass PS, Kitts JB, Kirkegaard-Nielsen H, Gronert GA, Chan V, Gan TJ, Cicutti N, Caldwell JE. Comparison of the intubation conditions provided by rapacuronium (ORG 9487) or succinylcholine in humans during anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol. Anesthesiology 91(5):1311-7, 1999. PMID: 10551582.
- Gan TJ, El-Molem H, Ray J, Glass PS. Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo. Anesthesiology 90(6):1564-70, 1999. PMID: 10360853.
- Gan TJ, Glass PS, Sigl J, Sebel P, Payne F, Rosow C, Embree P. Women emerge from general anesthesia with propofol/alfentanil/nitrous oxide faster than men. Anesthesiology 90(5):1283-7, 1999. PMID: 10319774.
- Gan TJ, Bennett-Guerrero E, Phillips-Bute B, Wakeling H, Moskowitz DM, Olufolabi Y, Konstadt SN, Bradford C, Glass PS, Machin SJ, Mythen MG. Hextend, a physiologically balanced plasma expander for large volume use in major surgery: a randomized phase III clinical trial. Hextend Study Group. Anesth Analg 88(5):992-8, 1999. PMID: 10320157.
- Iselin-Chaves IA, Flaishon R, Sebel PS, Howell S, Gan TJ, Sigl J, Ginsberg B, Glass PS. The effect of the interaction of propofol and alfentanil on recall, loss of consciousness, and the Bispectral Index. Anesth Analg 87(4):949-55, 1998. PMID: 9768800.
- Chari RS, Gan TJ, Robertson KM, Bass K, Camargo CA, Greig PD, Clavien PA. Venovenous bypass in adult orthotopic liver transplantation: routine or selective use?. J Am Coll Surg 186(6):683-90, 1998. PMID: 9632158.
- Fortney JT, Gan TJ, Graczyk S, Wetchler B, Melson T, Khalil S, McKenzie R, Parrillo S, Glass PS, Moote C, Wermeling D, Parasuraman TV, Duncan B, Creed MR. A comparison of the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of ondansetron versus droperidol as antiemetics for elective outpatient surgical procedures. S3A-409 and S3A-410 Study Groups. Anesth Analg 86(4):731-8, 1998. PMID: 9539593.
- Gan TJ, Ginsberg B, Glass PS, Fortney J, Jhaveri R, Perno R. Opioid-sparing effects of a low-dose infusion of naloxone in patient-administered morphine sulfate. Anesthesiology 87(5):1075-81, 1997. PMID: 9366459.
- Fabling JM, Gan TJ, Guy J, Borel CO, el-Moalem HE, Warner DS. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. A retrospective analysis in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 9(4):308-12, 1997. PMID: 9339401.
- Gan TJ, Glass PS, Howell ST, Canada AT, Grant AP, Ginsberg B. Determination of plasma concentrations of propofol associated with 50% reduction in postoperative nausea. Anesthesiology 87(4):779-84, 1997. PMID: 9357878.
- Gan TJ, Glass PS, Windsor A, Payne F, Rosow C, Sebel P, Manberg P. Bispectral index monitoring allows faster emergence and improved recovery from propofol, alfentanil, and nitrous oxide anesthesia. BIS Utility Study Group. Anesthesiology 87(4):808-15, 1997. PMID: 9357882.
- Glass PS, Gan TJ, Howell S, Ginsberg B. Drug interactions: volatile anesthetics and opioids. J Clin Anesth 9(6 Suppl):18S-22S, 1997. PMID: 9278850.
- Lubarsky DA, Glass PS, Ginsberg B, Dear GL, Dentz ME, Gan TJ, Sanderson IC, Mythen MG, Dufore S, Pressley CC, Gilbert WC, White WD, Alexander ML, Coleman RL, Rogers M, Reves JG. The successful implementation of pharmaceutical practice guidelines. Analysis of associated outcomes and cost savings. SWiPE Group. Systematic Withdrawal of Perioperative Expenses. Anesthesiology 86(5):1145-60, 1997. PMID: 9158365.
- Glass PS, Howell S, Gan TJ, Ginsberg B. How to manage drug interactions. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 15:33-9, 1997. PMID: 9202936.
- Gan TJ, Ginsberg B, Grant AP, Glass PS. Double-blind, randomized comparison of ondansetron and intraoperative propofol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 85(5):1036-42, 1996. PMID: 8916820.
- Gan TJ, Alexander R, Fennelly M, Rubin AP. Comparison of different methods of administering droperidol in patient-controlled analgesia in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 80(1):81-5, 1995. PMID: 7802306.
- Gan TJ, Collis R, Hetreed M. Double-blind comparison of ondansetron, droperidol and saline in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 72(5):544-7, 1994. PMID: 8198906.
- Gan TJ, Miller RF, Webb AR, Russell RC. Phaeochromocytoma presenting as acute hyperamylasaemia and multiple organ failure. Can J Anaesth 41(3):244-7, 1994. PMID: 7514507.