Xiaorong Ronald Zhu, PhD, FAAPM
Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology
Present Title & Affiliation
Primary Appointment
Professor, Department of Radiation Physics - Patient Care, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Center Physics Director, Proton Therapy Center, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Education & Training
Degree-Granting Education
1989 | University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, PHD, Chemical Physics |
1984 | University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, MS, Physics |
1982 | Nanjing University, Nanjing, CHN, BS, Physics |
Postgraduate Training
1994-1996 | Medical Physics Residency, Radiation Oncology Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO |
1993-1994 | Postdoctoral Fellowship, Radiation Oncology Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO |
1990-1992 | Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chemical Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT |
Board Certifications
1997 | American Board of Medical Physics (ABMP) |
Experience & Service
Academic Appointments
Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Physics - Patient Care, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2003 - 2008
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 2000 - 2003
Administrative Appointments/Responsibilities
Deputy Chief of Clinical Physics, Proton, Department of Radiation Physics - Patient Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2006 - 2015
Director for Radiation Oncology Physics Residency Program, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2005 - 2015
Co-Director for Radiation Oncology Physics Residency Program, Department of Radiation Physics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 2004 - 2005
Acting Chief of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 2002 - 2003
Other Appointments/Responsibilities
Senior Medical Physicist, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 1998 - 2000
Senior Medical Physicist, St. Luke Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 1996 - 1998
Institutional Committee Activities
Vice Chair, Clinical Education for Non-Physician Committee (CENPC), 2010 - 2011
Member, Clinical Education for Non-Physician Committee (CENPC), 2005 - 2015
Honors & Awards
2010 | Fellow, American Association of Physicists in Medicine |
2007 | Outstanding Achievement Award, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
1996 | RSNA Roentgen Resident/Fellow Research Award |
1982 | CUSPEA Fellow |
Professional Memberships
Selected Publications
Peer-Reviewed Articles
- L Wang, J Sanders, JF Ward, SR Lee, F Poenisch, DM Swanson, N Sahoo, XR Zhu, J Ma, RJ Kudchadker, SL Choi, Q-N Nguyen, LL Mayo, SJ Shah, SJ Frank. A novel positive contrast multi-imaging modality fiducial marker for image-guided radiation therapy. Cancers 16(3):16030625, 2024.
- AJ Sosa, MK Rooney,HD Thames, JW Sanders, DM Swanson, SL Choi, Q-N Nguyen, HM Mok, DA Kuban, XR Zhu, S Shah, LL Mayo, KE Hoffman, C Tang, SE McGuire, N Sahoo, X Zhang, AK Lee, TJ Pugh, U Mahmood, JW Davis, B Chapin, P Corn, R Kudchadker, N Ausat, and SJ Frank. Proton Therapy toxicity outcomes for Localized Prostate Cancer: Long-term results at a comprehensive cancer center. Clin Trans Radiat Oncol 48:100822, 2024.
- Corrigan KL, Xu T, Sasaki Y, Lin R, Chen AB, Welsh JW, Lin SH, Chang JY, Ning MS, Gandhi S, O’Reilly MS, Gay CM, Altan M, Lu C, Cascone T, Koutroumpakis E, Sheshadri S, Zhang X, Liao L, Zhu XR, Heymach JV, Nguyen Q-N, Liao Z. Survival outcomes and toxicity of adjuvant immunotherapy after definitive concurrent chemotherapy with proton beam radiation therapy for patients with inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 193:110121, 2024.
- Yang D, Zhu XR, Chen M, Ma L, Cheng X, Grosshans DR, Lu W and Shao Y. Investigation of intra-fractionated range guided adaptive proton therapy: I. On-line PET imaging and range measurement. Phys Med Biol 69:155005, 2024.
- Chen M, Yang D, Zhu XR, Ma L, Grosshans DR, Shao Y and Lu W. Investigation of intra-fractionated range guided adaptive proton therapy (RGAPT): II. Range-shift compensated on-line treatment adaptation and verification. Phys Med Biol 69:155006, 2024.
- Abouzahr F, Cesar JP, Crespo P, Gajda N, Hu Z, Klein K, Kuo AS, Majewski S, Mawlawi O, Morozov A, Ojha A, Poenisch F, Proga M, Sahoo N, Sec J, Takaoka T, Tavernier S, Titt U, Wang X, Zhu XR, and Lang K. The First Probe of a FLASH Proton Beam by PET. Phys Med Biol 68:2023, 2023. e-Pub 2023.
- Chen M, Cao W, Yepes P, Guan F, Poenisch F, Cheng X, Chen J, Li Y, Yang M, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Impact of dose calculation accuracy on inverse linear energy transfer optimization for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Precision Radiat Oncol 7:36-44, 2023.
- Cao W, Li Y, Zhang X, Poenisch F, Yepes P, Sahoo N, Grosshasns D, McGovern S, Gunn BG, Frank S, and Zhu XRJ. Intensity modulated proton arc therapy via geometry-based energy selection for ependymoma. J Appl Clin Med Phys(e13954), 2023.
- Vazquez I, Gronberg M, Zhang X, Court LE, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, and Yang M. A Deep Learning–Based Approach for Statistical Robustness Evaluation in Proton Therapy Treatment Planning: A Feasibility Study. Phys Med Biol 68:095014, 2023.
- Abouzahr F, Cesar JP, Crespo P, Gajda MJ, Hu Z, Kaye W, Klein K, Kuo A, Majewski S, Mawlawi OR, Morozov A, Ojha A, Poenisch F, Polf JC, Proga M, Sahoo N, Seco J, Takaoka T, Tavernier S, Titt U, Wang X, Zhu XR, and Lang K. The first PET glimpse of a proton FLASH beam. Phys Med Biol 68:125001, 2023.
- Zhu XR, Li Y, Yang M, Taylor PA, Zhang X, Poenisch F, Sahoo N, Liao Z, and Chang JY. Stereotactic body proton therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer – technical challenges and solutions: the MD Anderson experience. J Radiosurg & SBRT 9:75-82, 2023.
- Sosa AJ, Thames HD, Sanders JW, Choi S, Nguyen Q-N., Mok H, Zhu XR,, Shah SJ, Mayo LL, Hoffman K, Tang C, Lee AK, Pugh TJ, Kudchadker R, & Frank SJ. Proton therapy for the management of localized prostate cancer: Long-term clinical outcomes at a comprehensive cancer center. Radiother Oncol 188:109854, 2023.
- Titt U, Yang M, Wang X, Iga K, Fredette N, Schueler E, Lin SH, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Koong AC, Zhang X, and Mohan R. Design and validation of a synchrotron proton beam line for FLASH radiotherapy preclinical research experiments. Med Phys 49:497-509, 2022.
- Chen M, Wang Z, Jiang S, Sun J, Wang L, Sahoo N, Gunn GB, Frank SJ, Xu C, Chen J, Nguyen Q-N, Chang JY, Liao Z, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Predictive performance of different NTCP techniques for radiation‑induced esophagitis in NSCLC patients receiving proton radiotherapy. Scientific Reports 12:9178, 2022.
- Yang M, Wang X, Guan F, Titt U, Iga K, Jiang D, Takaoka T, Tootake S, Katayose T, Umezawa M, Schüler E, Frank S, Lin SH, Sahoo N, Koong AC, Mohan R, Zhu XR. Adaptation and dosimetric commissioning of a synchrotron-based proton beamline for FLASH experiments. Phys Med Biol 67:165002, 2022.
- Cao J, Zhang X, Jinag B, Chen J, Wang X, Wang L, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Ye R, Blanchard P, Garden AS, Fuller CD, Gunn GB, and Frank SJ. Intensity-modulated proton therapy for oropharyngeal cancer reduces rates of late xerostomia. Radiother Radonc 160:32-39, 2021.
- Pollard-Larkin JM, Briere TM, Kudchadker RJ, Sadagopan R, Nitsch PL, Wang XA, Salehpour M, Wang J, Vedam S, Nelson CL, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Court LE, Balter PA, Robinson IJ, Yang J, Howell RM, Followill DS, Kry S, Beddar SA, Martel MK. Our Experience Leading a Large Medical Physics Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv Radiat Oncol 6(4):100683, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 33824935.
- Gunn GB, Garden AS, Ye R, Ausat N, Dahlstrom KR, Morrison WH, Fuller CD, Phan J, Reddy JP, Shah SJ, Mayo LL, Chun SG, Chronowski GM, Moreno AC, Myers JN, Hanna EY, Esmaeli B, Gillison ML, Ferrarotto R, Hutcheson KA, Chambers MS, Ginsberg LE, El-Naggar AK, Rosenthal DI, Zhu XR, Frank SJ. Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A 12-Year, Single-Institution Experience. Int J Part Ther 20(00065.1):108-118, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34285940.
- Chuong MD, Hallemeier CL, Li H, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Tryggestad EJ, Yu J, Yang M, Choi JI, Kang M, Liu W, Knopf A, Meijers A, Molitoris JK, Apisarnthanarax S, Giap H, Hoppe BS, Lee P, Chang JY, Simone CB, Lin SH. Executive Summary of Clinical and Technical Guidelines for Esophageal Cancer Proton Beam Therapy from the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Subcommittees. Front Oncol 11:748331, 2021. e-Pub 2021. PMID: 34737959.
- Taku N, Wang L, Garden AS, Rosenthal DI, Gunn GB, Morrison WH, Fuller CD, Phan J, Reddy JP, Moreno AC, Spiotto MT, Chronowski G, Shah SJ, Mayo LL, Gross ND, Ferrarotto R, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Frank SJ.. Proton Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers of the Head and Neck: a De-Intensification Strategy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 22(6):54, 2021.
- Siochi RA, Balter P, Bloch CD, Santanam L, Blodgett K, Curran BH, Engelsman M, Feng W, Mechalakos J, Pavord D, Simon T, Sutlief S, Zhu XR.. Share Report of Task Group 201 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine: Quality management of external beam therapy data transfer. Med Phys 48(6):e86-e114, 2021.
- Gjyshi O, Xu T, Elhammali A, Boyce-Fappiano D, Chun SG, Gandhi S, Lee P, Chen AB, Lin SH, Chang JY, Tsao A, Gay CM, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Heymach JV, Fossella FV, Lu C, Nguyen QN, Liao Z. Toxicity and Survival After Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Versus Passive Scattering Proton Therapy for NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol:S1556-0864(20)30839-X, 2020.
- Farr JB, Moyers MF, Allgower CE, Bues M, Hsi WC, Jin H, Mihailidis DN, Lu HM, Newhauser WD, Sahoo N, Slopsema R, Yeung D, Zhu XR. Clinical commissioning of intensity-modulated proton therapy systems: Report of AAPM Task Group 185. Med Phys:doi: 10.1002/mp.145, 2020.
- Chen M, Yepes P, Hojo Y, Poenisch F, Li Y, Chen J, Xu C, He X, Gunn GB, Frank SJ, Sahoo N, Li H, Zhu XR, Zhang X. Transitioning from measurement-based to combined patient-specific quality assurance for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Br J Radiol 93(1107):20190669, 2020. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31799859.
- Chen M, Yang J, Liao Z, Chen J, Xu C, He X, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Li H. Anatomic change over the course of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients and its impact on intensity-modulated radiation therapy and passive-scattering proton therapy deliveries. Radiat Oncol 15(1):10.1186/s13014-020-01503-9, 2020.
- Wang L, Yang L, Han S, Zhu J, Li Y, Wang Z, Fan YH, Lin E, Zhang R, Sahoo N, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Li T, Zhu XR, Zhu H, Heymach JV, Myers JN, Frank SJ. Patterns of protein expression in human head and neck cancer cell lines differ after proton vs photon radiotherapy. Head Neck 42(2):289-301, 2020. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31710172.
- Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhu XR, Gunn B, Frank SJ, Chang Y, Li Q, Yang K, Wu G, Liao L, Li Y, Chen M, and Li H. Multiple-CT optimization: An adaptive optimization method to account for anatomical changes in intensity-modulated proton therapy for head and neck cancers. Radiother Oncol 142(124-132), 2020.
- Moreno AC, Gunther JR, Milgrom S, Full CD, Williamson T, Liu A, Wu, R, Zhu XR, Dabaja BS, and Pinnix CC. Effect of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold on NormalTissue Sparing With Intensity ModulatedRadiation Therapy Versus Proton Therapy forMediastinal Lymphoma. Advances in Radiat Oncol 5:1255-1266, 2020.
- Wu RY, Liu AY, Yang J, Williamson TD, Wisdom PG, Bronk L, Gao S, Grosshan DR, Fuller DC, Gunn GB, Zhu XR, Frank SJ. Evaluation of the accuracy of deformable image registration on MRI with a physical phantom. J Appl Clin Med Phys 21(1):166-173, 2020.
- Wu RY, Williamson TD, Sahoo N, Nguyen T, Ikner SM, Liu AM, Wisdom PG, Lii M, Hunter RA, Alvarez PE, Gunn GB, Frank SJ, Jojo Y, Zhu XR, Gillin MT. Evaluation of the high definition field of view option of a large-bore computed tomography scanner for radiation therapy simulation. Phys Imag Rad Oncol 13(44-49), 2020.
- Wang Z, Chen M, Sun J, Jiang S, Wang L, Wang X, Sahoo N, Gunn GB, Frank SJ, Nguyen Q.-N, Liao Z, Chang JY, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Lyman–Kutcher–Burman normal tissue complication probability modeling for radiation-induced esophagitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving proton radiotherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology 146(200-204), 2020.
- Wang L, Cao J, Wang X, Lin E, Wang Z, Li Y, Li Y, Chen M, Wang X, Jiang B, Zhang R, Sahoo N, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Meyers JN, and Frank SJ. Proton and photon radiosensitization effects of niraparib, a PARP‐1/‐2 inhibitor, on human head and neck cancer cells. Head & Neck:1-13, 2020.
- McGovern SL, Wages C, Dimmitt A, Sanders C, Martin D, Ning MS, Manning R, Amin M, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, and Gunn GB. Proton Therapy in a Pandemic: An Operational Response to the COVID-19 Crisis. Int J Particle Therapy 7(1):54-57, 2020.
- Wu RY, Liu AY, Williamson TD, Yang J, Wisdom PG, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, Fuller CD, Gunn GB, Gao S. Quantifying the accuracy of deformable image registration for cone-beam computed tomography with a physical phantom. J Appl Clin Med Phys 20(10):92-100, 2019. e-Pub 2019. PMID: 31541526.
- Wang L, Han S, Zhu J, Wang X, Li Y, Wang Z, Lin E, Wang X, Molkentine DP, Blancjard P, Yang Y, Zhang R, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Myers JN, and Frank SJ. Proton- versus photon-radiation–induced cell death in head and neck cancer cells. Head Neck 41:46-55, 2019.
- Wu RY, Liu AY, Wisdom P, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, Fuller CD, Gunn GB, Palmer MB, Wages CA, Gillin MT, Yang J. Characterization of a New Physical Phantom for Testing Rigid and Deformable Image Registration. J Appl Clin Med Phys 20(1):145–153, 2019. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 30580471.
- Yang Z, Chang Y, Zhang X, Koay EJ, Koong AC, Herman JM, Park PC, Poenisch F, Li Q, Yang K, Wu G, Li Y, Zhu XR, and Li H. Effect of Setup and Inter-fraction Anatomical Changes on the Accumulated Dose in CT-guided Breath-hold Intensity Modulation Proton Therapy of Liver Malignancies. Radiother Oncol 134:101-109, 2019.
- Wang H, Yang JN, Zhang X, Li J, Frank SJ, Zhano Z, Luo D, Zhu X, Wang C, Tang S, Garden AS, Rosenthal D, Fuller, CD, Gunn GB, Ghia AJ, Reddy JP, Raza SM, Monte FD, Chambers MS, Brown PD, Su S, and Phan J. Treatment-Plan Comparison of Three Advanced Radiation Treatment Modalities for Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy to the Head and Neck. Int J Med Phys Clin Eng Radiat Oncol 8:106-120, 2019.
- Li H, Zhang X, Li Y, and Zhu XR. An analytical model for the upper bound prediction of respiratory motion-induced dose uncertainty in spot-scanning proton beam therapy. Med Phys 46(5249-5261), 2019.
- Yang Z, Li H, Li Y, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Gillin MT, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Statistical evaluation of worst-case robust optimization intensity-modulated proton therapy plans using an exhaustive sampling approach. Radiat Oncol 14:129-137, 2019.
- Polamraju P, Bagley AF, Williamson T, Zhu XR, and Frank SJ. Hydrogel Spacer Reduces Rectal Dose during Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Dosimetric Analysis. Int J Particle Therapy 5(4):23-31, 2019.
- Elhammali A, Blanchard P, Yoder A, Liao Z, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Allen PK, Jeter M, Welsh J, and Nguyen QN. Clinical outcomes after intensity-modulated proton therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 136(136-142), 2019.
- Jiang B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guan F, Li Y, Wang X, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Power-law relationship in the long-tailed sections of proton dose distributions. Sci Report 8(1):10413| DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-28683-5, 2018.
- Nantavithya C, Gomez DR, Wei X, Komaki R, Liao Z, Lin SH, Jeter M, Nguyen QN, Li H, Zhang X, Poenisch F, Zhu XR, Balter PA, Feng L, Choi NC, Mohan R, Chang JY. Phase 2 Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Proton Therapy for High-Risk, Medically Inoperable, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 101(3):558-563, 2018. e-Pub 2018. PMID: 29680255.
- Wang X, Li H, Zhu XR, Hou Q, Liao L, Jiang B, Li Y, Wang P, Lang J, Zhang X. Multiple-CT optimization of intensity-modulated proton therapy - Is it possible to eliminate adaptive planning?. Radiother Oncol 128(1):167-173, 2018. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29054378.
- Jeter MD, Gomez D, Nguyen QN, Komaki R, Zhang X, Zhu X, O'Reilly M, Fossella FV, Xu T, Wei X, Wang H, Yang W, Tsao A, Mohan R, Liao Z.. Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Radiation Dose Escalation to the Gross Tumor Volume With Intensity Modulated (Photon) Radiation Therapy or Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy for Stage II to III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 1 Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 100:730-737, 2018. e-Pub 2017.
- Hartman, J, Zhang, X, Zhu, XR, Frank, SJ, Lagendijk, JJW, and Raaymakers, BW. TOPAS Monte Carlo model of MD Anderson scanning proton beam for simulation studies in proton therapy. Biomed Phys Eng Exp 4:037001, 2018.
- Ho JC, Nguyen QN, Li H, Allen PK, Zhang X, Liao Z, Zhu XR, Gomez D, Lin SH, Gillin M, Komaki R, Hahn S, Chang JY. Reirradiation of thoracic cancers with intensity modulated proton therapy. Pract Radiat Oncol 8(1):58-65, 2018. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28867546.
- Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Zhang X, Li Y, Lii MF, Li H, Gautam, AS, Wu R, Gillin M, Zhu XR. 3D treatment planning system—Varian Eclipse for proton therapy planning. Med Dosi 43(2):184-194, 2018.
- Titt U, Suzuki K, Li Y, Sahoo N, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. Technical Note: Dosimetric Characteristics of the Ocular Beam Line and Commissioning Data for an Ocular Proton Therapy Planning System at the Proton Therapy Center Houston. Med Phys 44(12):6661-6671, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28975637.
- Wang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Li H, Miyazaki K, Fujimoto R, Akiyama H, Gillin MT, Poenisch F, Sahoo N, Grosshans D, Gunn B, Frank SJ, Wang P, Lang J, Hou Q, Zhu XR. Synchrotron-based pencil beam scanning nozzle with an integrated mini-ridge filter: a dosimetric study to optimize treatment delivery. Cancers (Basel) 9(170):1-15, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 29236051.
- Rechner LA, Maraldo MV, Vogelius IR, Zhu XR, Dabaja BS, Brodin NP, Petersen PM, Specht L, Aznar MC. Life years lost attributable to late effects after radiotherapy for early stage Hodgkin lymphoma: The impact of proton therapy and/or deep inspiration breath hold. Radiother Oncol 125(1):41-47, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28838605.
- Chang JY, Zhang X, Knopf A, Li H, Mori S, Dong L, Lu HM, Liu W, Badiyan SN, Both S, Meijers A, Lin L, Flampouri S, Li Z, Umegaki K, Simone CB, Zhu XR. Consensus Guidelines for Implementing Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies on Behalf of the PTCOG Thoracic and Lymphoma Subcommittee. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 99(1):41-50, 2017. e-Pub 2017. PMID: 28816159.
- Chang JY, Verma V, Li M, Zhang W, Komaki R, Lu C, Allem PK, Liao Z, Welsh J, Lin SH, Gomez D, Jeter M, O'Riley M, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Li H, Mohan R, Heymach JV, Vaporciyan AA, Hahn, and Cox JD. Proton Beam Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy for Unresectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results of a Phase 2 study. JAMA Oncol. e-Pub 2017.
- Zhang Y, Kerr M, Guan F, Hartman Y, Jiang B, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Gillin M, Qian W, Zhang X. Dose calculation for spot scanning proton therapy with the application of a range shifter. Biomed Phys & Eng Exp 3:035019, 2017.
- Wang L, Wang X, Li Y, Han S, Zhu J, Wang X, Molkentine DP, Blanchard P, Yang Y, Zhang R, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Myers JN, Frank SJ. Human papillomavirus status and the relative biological effectiveness of proton radiotherapy in head and neck cancer cells. Head Neck 39(4):708-715, 2017. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 28039958.
- Zhang W, Zhang X, Blanchard P, Garden AS, Gunn B, Fuller CD, Chambers M, Hutcheson KA, Ye R, Lai S, Zhu XR, and Frank SJ. Intensity-modulated proton therapy and osteoradionecrosis in oropharyngeal cancer. Radiother Oncol 123:401-405, 2017.
- Chang JY, Zhang W, Komaki R, Choi NC, Chan S, Gomez D, O'Reilly M, Jeter M, Gillin M, Zhu X, Zhang X, Mohan R, Swisher S, Hahn S, Cox JD. Long-term outcome of phase I/II prospective study of dose-escalated proton therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 122:274-280, 2017.
- Mohamed ASR, Hobbs BP, Hutcheson KA, Murri MS, Garg N, Song J, Gunn GB, Sandulache V, Beadle BM, Phan J, Morrison WH, Frank SJ, Blanchard P, Garden AS, El-Halawani H, Kamal M, Chambers MS, Lewin JS, Ferraotto R, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Hofstede TM, Cardoso RC, Gillenwater AM, Sturgis EM, Webber RS, Rosehthal DI, Fuller CD, andLai SY. Dose-volume correlates of mandibular osteoradionecrosis in Oropharynx cancer patients receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy: Results from a case-matched comparison. Radiother Oncol 124(2):232-239, 2017.
- Wu RY, Liu AY, Sio TT, Blanchard P, Wages C, Amin MV, Gunn GB, Titt U, Ye R, Suzuki K, Gillin MT, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Frank SJ. Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Adaptive Planning for Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer. Int J Particle Therapy 4:26-34, 2017.
- Blanchard P, Wong AJ, Gunn GB, Garden AS, Mohamed AS, Rosenthal DI, Crutison J, Wu R, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Amin MV, Fuller CD, Frank SJ. Toward a model-based patient selection strategy for proton therapy: External validation of photon-derived normal tissue complication probability models in a head and neck proton therapy cohort. Radiother Oncol 121(3):381-386, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27641784.
- Suzuki K, Palmer MB, Sahoo N, Zhang X, Poenisch F, Mackin DS, Liu AY, Wu R, Zhu XR, Frank SJ, Gillin MT, Lee AK. Quantitative analysis of treatment process time and throughput capacity for spot scanning proton therapy. Med Phys 43(7):3975-3986, 2016. PMID: 27370116.
- Blanchard P, Garden AS, Gunn GB, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Hernandez M, Crutison J, Lee JJ, Ye R, Fuller CD, Mohamed AS, Hutcheson KA, Holliday EB, Thaker NG, Sturgis EM, Kies MS, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Frank SJ. Intensity-modulated proton beam therapy (IMPT) versus intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) for patients with oropharynx cancer - A case matched analysis. Radiother Oncol. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27342249.
- Holliday EB, Esmaeli B, Pinckard J, Garden AS, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Kies MS, Gunn GB, Fuller CD, Phan J, Beadle BM, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Frank SJ. A Multidisciplinary Orbit-Sparing Treatment Approach that Includes Proton Therapy for Epithelial Tumors of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 95(1):344-352, 2016. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 26454680.
- Chang JY, Jabbour SK, De Ruysscher D, Schild SE, Simone CB, Rengan R, Feigenberg S, Khan AJ, Choi NC, Bradley JD, Zhu XR, Lomax AJ, Hoppe BS, International Particle Therapy Co-operative Group (PTCOG) Thoracic Subcommittee. Consensus Statement on Proton Therapy in Early-Stage and Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 95(1):505-516, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27084663.
- Gunn GB, Blanchard P, Garden AS, Zhu XR, Fuller CD, Mohamed AS, Morrison WH, Phan J, Beadle BM, Skinner HD, Sturgis EM, Kies MS, Hutcheson KA, Rosenthal DI, Mohan R, Gillin MT, Frank SJ. Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Disease Recurrence After Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Oropharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 95(1):360-7, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27084653.
- Bhattasali O, Holliday E, Kies MS, Hanna EY, Garden AS, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Gunn GB, Fuller CD, Zhu XR, Frank SJ. Definitive proton radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatin for unresectable head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: A series of 9 cases and a critical review of the literature. Head Neck 38 Suppl 1:E1472-80, 2016. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 26561041.
- Yu J, Zhang X, Liao L, Li H, Zhu R, Park PC, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Li Y, Chang JY, Komaki R, Lin SH. Motion-robust intensity-modulated proton therapy for distal esophageal cancer. Med Phys 43(3):1111-1118, 2016. PMID: 26936698.
- Munck af Rosenschold P, Engelholm SA, Brodin PN, Jørgensen M, Grosshans DR, Zhu RX, Palmer M, Crawford CN, Mahajan A. A Retrospective Evaluation of the Benefit of Referring Pediatric Cancer Patients to an External Proton Therapy Center. Pediatr Blood Cancer 63(2):262-269, 2016. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 26397177.
- Matney JE, Park PC, Li H, Court LE, Zhu XR, Dong L, Liu W, Mohan R. Perturbation of water equivalent thickness as a surrogate for respiratory motion in proton therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 17(2):5795, 2016. e-Pub 2016. PMID: 27074459.
- Holliday EB, Bhattasali O, Kies MS, Hanna EY, Garden AS, Rosenthal D, Morrison WH, Gunn B, Phan J, Zhu XR, Zhang XD, and Frank SJ. Post-operative Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma. Int J Particle Therapy 2(4):533-543, 2016.
- Pugh TJ, Choi S, Nogueras Gonzales GM, Nguyesn QN, Mahmood U, Frank SJ, Mathal B, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Kuban DA, Hoffman K, McGuire SE and Lee AK. Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Results from a Prospective Quality of Life Trial. Int J Particle Therapy, 2016.
- Jiang S, Wang J, Li H, Liao L, Li Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Hojo Y, Chang JY, Liao Z, Grosshans DR, Frank SJ, and Zhang X. Novel hybrid scattering- and scanning-beam proton therapy approach International Journal of Particle Therapy. Int J Particle Therapy 3(1):37-50, 2016.
- Wang X, Poenisch F, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Lii M, Gillin MT, Li J, and Grosshans D. Spot scanning proton therapy minimizes neutron dose in the setting of radiation therapy administered during pregnancy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 17(5):6327, 2016.
- Liao L, Gino J, Li Y, Yu J, Sahoo N, Li H, Gillin M, Zhu XR, Mahajan A, Grosshans D, Nguyen Q, Gomez D, and Zhang X. Robust Optimization for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy plans with multi-isocenter large fields. Int J Particle Therapy 3(2):305-311, 2016.
- Wang Z, Sun X, Lou K, Meier J, Zhou R, Wang C, Zhu XR, and Shan Y. Design, development and evaluation of a resistor-based multiplexing circuit for a 20x20 SiPM array. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res A 816:40-46, 2016.
- Li Y, Niemela P, Liao Li , Jiang S, Li H , Poenisch F , Zhu XR, Siljamki S, Vanderstraeten R, Sahoo N, Gillin MT , and Zhang X. Selective Robust Optimization: a New Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Optimization Strategy. Med Phys 42(8):4840-4847, 2015.
- Liengsawangwong P, Sahoo N, Ding X, Lii M-F, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. Dosimetric characteristics of a two-dimensional diode array detector irradiated with passive-scattered proton beams. Cancers (Basel) 7:1425-1435, 2015.
- Guan F, Bronk L, Titt U, Lin SH, Mirkovic D, Kerr MD, Zhu XR, Dinh J, Sobieski M, CStephan C, Peeler C, Taleei R, Mohan R, and Grosshans DR. Spatial mapping of the biologic effectiveness of scanned particle beams: towards biologically optimized particle therapy. Scientific Reports 5:9850:1-10, 2015.
- Park PC, Schreibmann E, Roper J, Elder E, Crocker I, Fox T, Zhu XR, Dong L, and Dhabaan A. MRI-Based CT Metal Artifact Correction Method for Improving Proton Range Calculation Accuracy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 91:849-856, 2015.
- Tabibian AA, Powers A, Dolormente K, Oommen S, Tiwari A, Palmer M, Zhu XR, Li H, Sahoo N, Wisdom P, Velasco K, Erhart K, Stanley H, Nguyen BN. Is there a clinical benefit with a smooth compensator design compared with a plunged compensator design for passive scattered protons?. Med Dosim 40(1):37-43, 2015. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25263491.
- Pan HY, Jiang S, Sutton J, Liao Z, Chance WW, Frank SJ, Zhu XR, Li H, Fontanilla HP, Zhang X, Gomez DR. Early experience with intensity modulated proton therapy for lung-intact mesothelioma: A case series. Pract Radiat Oncol. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 25572666.
- Li H, Zhang X, Park P, Liu W, Chang J, Liao Z, Frank S, Li Y, Poenisch F, Mohan R, Gillin M, Zhu R. Robust optimization in intensity-modulated proton therapy to account for anatomy changes in lung cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 114:367-372, 2015. PMID: 25708992.
- Li H, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Reducing Dose Uncertainty for Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy of Moving Tumors by Optimizing the Spot Delivery Sequence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 93(3):547-556, 2015.
- Cao W, Lim G, Li Y, Zhu XR, and Zhang X. Improved beam angle arrangement in intensity modulated proton therapy treatment planning for localized prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 7:574-584, 2015.
- Zhu XR, Li Y, Mackin D, Li H, Poenisch F, Lee AK, Mahajan A, Frank SJ, Gillin MT, Sahoo N, Zhang X. Towards effective and efficient patient-specific quality assurance for spot-scanning proton therapy. Cancers (Basel) 7(2):631-647, 2015. e-Pub 2015. PMID: 25867000.
- Holliday EB, Garden AS, Rosenthal DI, Fuller CD, Morrison WH, Gunn GB, Phan J, Beadle BM, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Hanna E, Glisson BS, Hutcheson KA, El-Naggar AK, Hong JH, Hung TM, Uzel EK, Lewis G, Frank SJ. Proton Therapy Reduces Treatment- Related Toxicities for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Case-Match Control Study of Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Photon Therapy. Int J Particle Therapy 2(1):19-28, 2015.
- Grosshans DR, Zhu XR, Melancon A, Allen PK, Poenisch F, Palmer M, McAleer MF, McGovern SL, Gillin M, DeMonte F, Chang EL, Brown PD, Mahajan A. Spot Scanning Proton Therapy for Malignancies of the Base of Skull: Treatment Planning, Acute Toxicities, and Preliminary Clinical Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90(3):540-546, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25304948.
- Cao W, Lim G, Liao L, Li Y, Jiang S, Li X, Li H, Suzuki K, Zhu XR, Gomez D, Zhang X. Proton energy optimization and reduction for intensity-modulated proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 59(21):6341-6354, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25295881.
- Stoker JB, Grant J, Zhu XR, Pidikiti R, Mahajan A, Grosshans DR. Intensity modulated proton therapy for craniospinal irradiation: organ at risk exposure and a low-gradient junctioning technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90(3):637-644, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25194667.
- Chang JY, Li H, Zhu XR, Liao Z, Zhao L, Liu A, Li Y, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Gomez DR, Wu R, Gillin M, Zhang X. Clinical implementation of intensity-modulated proton therapy for thoracic malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 90(4):809-18, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25260491.
- Haque W, Wages C, Ronald Zhu X, Choi S, Pugh TJ, Frank SJ, Lee A, Mahmood U. Proton Therapy for Seminoma: Case Report Describing the Technique, Efficacy and Advantages of Proton Based Therapy for Seminoma. Pract Radiat Oncol. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25413401.
- Liu W, Liao Z, Schild SE, Liu Z, Li H, Li Y, Park PC, Li X, Stoker J, Shen J, Keole S, Anand A, Fatyga M, Dong L, Sahoo N, Vora S, Wong W, Zhu XR, Bues M, Mohan R. Impact of Respiratory Motion on Worst-Case-Scenario Optimized Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Lung Cancers. Pract Radiat Oncol. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25413400.
- Shao Y, Sun X, Lou K, Zhu XR, Mirkovic D, Poenisch F, Grosshans D. In-beam PET imaging for on-line adaptive proton therapy: An initial phantom study. Phys Med Biol 59(13):3373–3388, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 24874943.
- Frank SJ, Cox JD, Gillin M, Mohan R, Garden AS, Rosenthal DI, Gunn GB, Weber RS, Kies MS, Lewin JS, Munsell MF, Palmer MB, Sahoo N, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhu XR. Multifield optimization intensity modulated proton therapy for head and neck tumors: a translation to practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 89(4):846-53, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 24867532.
- Li Y, Kardar L, Li X, Li H, Cao W, Chang JY, Liao L, Zhu RX, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Liao Z, Komaki R, Cox JD, Lim G, Zhang X. On the interplay effects with proton scanning beams in stage III lung cancer. Med Phys 41(2):021721-1-7, 2014. PMID: 24506612.
- Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Li H, Zhang X, Sahoo N, Wu RY, Li X, Lee AK, Chang EL, Choi S, Pugh T, Frank SJ, Gillin MT, Mahajan A, Grosshans DR. A Single-Field Integrated Boost Treatment Planning Technique for Spot Scanning Proton Therapy. Radiat Oncol 9(1):202, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25212571.
- Liu W, Mohan R, Park P, Liu Z, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Wu R, Sahoo N, Dong L, Zhu XR, Grosshans DR. Dosimetric Benefits of Robust Treatment Planning for Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Base-of-Skull Cancers. Pract Radiat Oncol 4(6):384-391, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25407859.
- Mackin D, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Li H, Kerr M, Holmes C, Lii, M-F Wu R, Suzuki K, Gillin MT, Li Y, Grosshans DG, Frank S, and Zhang X. Spot-Scanning Proton Therapy Patient-Specific Quality Assurance: Results from 309 Treatment Plans. Int J Particle Therapy 1:711-720, 2014.
- Li H, Liu W, Park P, Matney J, Liao Z, Chang J, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhu RX. Evaluation of the systematic error in using 3D dose calculation in scanning beam proton therapy for lung cancer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 15(5):4810, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25207565.
- Kardar L, Li Y, Li X, Li H, Cao W, Chang JY, Liao L, Zhu RX, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Liao Z, Komaki R, Cox JD, Lim G, Zhang X. Evaluation and mitigation of the interplay effects of intensity modulated proton therapy for lung cancer in a clinical setting. Pract Radiat Oncol 4(6):e259-68, 2014. e-Pub 2014. PMID: 25407877.
- Mackin D, Li Y, Taylor MB, Kerr M, Holmes C, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Li H, Lii J, Amos R, Wu R, Suzuki K, Gillin MT, Zhu XR, Zhang X. Improving spot-scanning proton therapy patient specific quality assurance with HPlusQA, a second-check dose calculation engine. Med Phys 40(12):121708-1-10, 2013. PMID: 24320494.
- Pugh TJ, Munsell MF, Choi S, Nguyen QN, Mathai B, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Johnson JL, Amos RA, Dong L, Mahmood U, Kuban DA, Frank SJ, Hoffman KE, McGuire SE, Lee AK. Quality of Life and Toxicity from Passively Scattered and Spot-Scanning Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 87(5)(5):946-53, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 24139077.
- Li H, Park P, Liu W, Matney J, Liao Z, Balter P, Li Y, Zhang X, Li X, Zhu XR. Patient-specific Quantification of Respiratory Motion-Induced Dose Uncertainty for Step-and-Shoot IMRT of Lung Cancer. Med Phys 40(12):121712-1-8, 2013. PMID: 24320498.
- Dhanesar S, Sahoo N, Kerr M, Taylor MB, Summers P, Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Gillin M. Quality assurance of proton beams using a multi-layer ionization chamber system. Med Phys 40(9):092102-1-9, 2013. PMID: 24007171.
- Cao W, Lim G, Li X, Li Y, Zhu XR, Zhang X. Incorporating deliverable monitor unit constraints into spot intensity optimization in intensity modulated proton therapy treatment planning. Phys Med Biol 58(15):5113-25, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 23835656.
- Park PC, Cheung JP, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Sahoo N, Tucker SL, Liu W, Li H, Mohan R, Court LE, Dong L. Statistical assessment of proton treatment plans under setup and range uncertainties. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86(5):1007-13, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 23688812.
- Quan EM, Liu W, Wu R, Li Y, Frank SJ, Zhang X, Zhu XR, Mohan R. Preliminary evaluation of multifield and single-field optimization for the treatment planning of spot-scanning proton therapy of head and neck cancer. Med Phys 40(8):081709, 2013. PMID: 23927306.
- Cheung JP, Park PC, Court LE, Ronald Zhu X, Kudchadker RJ, Frank SJ, Dong L. A novel dose-based positioning method for CT image-guided proton therapy. Med Phys 40(5):051714, 2013. PMID: 23635262.
- Liu W, Frank SJ, Li X, Li Y, Park PC, Dong L, Ronald Zhu X, Mohan R. Effectiveness of Robust Optimization in Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Planning for Head and Neck Cancers. Med Phys 40(5):051711, 2013. PMID: 23635259.
- Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Lii M, Sawakuchi GO, Titt U, Bues M, Song X, Zhang X, Li Y, Ciangaru G, Li H, Taylor MB, Suzuki K, Mohan R, Gillin MT, Sahoo N. Commissioning dose computation models for spot scanning proton beams in water for a commercially available treatment planning system. Med Phys 40(4):041723-1-15, 2013. PMID: 23556893.
- Li H, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Suzuki K, Li Y, Li X, Zhang X, Lee AK, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. Use of treatment log files in spot scanning proton therapy as part of patient-specific quality assurance. Med Phys 40(2):021703-1-11, 2013. PMID: 23387726.
- Pugh TJ, Choi S, Nguyen QN, Gillin MT, Zhu XR, Palmer BP, and Lee AK. Proton Beam Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Practical Radiat Oncol 3:e87-e94, 2013.
- Liu W, Frank SJ, Li X, Li Y, Zhu XR, and Mohan R. PTV-based IMPT optimization incorporating planning risk volumes vs robust optimization. Med Phys 40:021709-1-8, 2013.
- Pugh TJ, Amos RA, John Baptiste S, Choi S, Nhu Nguyen Q, Ronald Zhu X, Palmer MB, Lee AK. Multifield optimization intensity-modulated proton therapy (MFO-IMPT) for prostate cancer: Robustness analysis through simulation of rotational and translational alignment errors. Med Dosim Jun 6(3):pii: S0958-3947(13) 00043-5, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 23747223.
- Kandula S, Zhu X, Garden AS, Gillin M, Rosenthal DI, Ang KK, Mohan R, Amin MV, Garcia JA, Wu R, Sahoo N, Frank SJ. Spot-scanning beam proton therapy vs intensity-modulated radiation therapy for ipsilateral head and neck malignancies: A treatment planning comparison. Med Dosim 38(4)(4):390-4, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 23916884.
- Dinh J, Stoker J, Georges RH, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Rath S, Mahajan A, Grosshans DR. Comparison of proton therapy techniques for treatment of the whole brain as a component of craniospinal radiation. Radiat Oncol 8:289, 2013. e-Pub 2013. PMID: 24344645.
- Li H, Li Y, Zhang X, Li X, Liu W, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. Dynamically accumulated dose and 4D accumulated dose for moving tumors. Med Phys 39(12):7359-7367, 2012. PMID: 23231285.
- Amsbaugh MJ, Zhu XR, Palmer M, Poenisch F, McAleer MF, Mahajan A, Grosshans DR. Spot scanning proton therapy for craniopharyngioma. Pract Radiat Oncol 2(4):314-318, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 24674170.
- Cao W, Lim GJ, Lee A, Li Y, Liu W, Ronald Zhu X, Zhang X. Uncertainty incorporated beam angle optimization for IMPT treatment planning. Med Phys 39(8):5248-5256, 2012. PMID: 22894449.
- Amsbaugh MJ, Grosshans DR, McAleer MF, Zhu R, Wages C, Crawford CN, Palmer M, De Gracia B, Woo S, Mahajan A. Proton Therapy for Spinal Ependymomas: Planning, Acute Toxicities and Preliminary Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83(5):1419-1424, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22245209.
- Yang M, Zhu XR, Park PC, Titt U, Mohan R, Virshup G, Clayton JE, Dong L. Comprehensive analysis of proton range uncertainties related to patient stopping-power-ratio estimation using the stoichiometric calibration. Phys Med Biol 57(13):4095-4115, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22678123.
- Park PC, Cheung J, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Court L, Dong L. Fast range-corrected proton dose approximation method using prior dose distribution. Phys Med Biol 57(11):3555-3569, 2012. e-Pub 2012. PMID: 22588165.
- Park PC, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Sahoo N, Melancon AD, Zhang L, Dong L. A Beam-specific planning target volume (PTV) design for proton therapy to account for setup and range uncertainties. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82(2):e329-e336, 2012. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21703781.
- Anand A, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Sawakuchi GO, Poenisch F, Amos RA, Ciangaru G, Titt U, Suzuki K, Mohan R, Gillin MT. A procedure to determine the planar integral spot dose values of proton pencil beam spots. Med Phys 39(2):891-900, 2012. PMID: 22320798.
- Li Y, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Anand A, Zhang X. Beyond Gaussians: a study of single spot modeling for scanning proton dose calculation. Phys Med Biol 57:983-997, 2012.
- Welsh J, Gomez D, Palmer MB, Riley BA, Mayankkumar AV, Komaki R, Dong L, Zhu XR, Likhacheva A, Liao Z, Hofstetter WL, Ajani JA, Cox JD. Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Further Reduces Normal-Tissue Exposure During Definitive Therapy for Locally Advanced Distal Esophageal Tumors: A Dosimetric Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81(5):1336-1342, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21470796.
- Zhang X, Liu W, Li Y, Li X, Quan M, Mohan R, Anand A, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Zhu XR. Parameterization of multiple Bragg curves for scanning proton beams using simultaneous fitting of multiple curves. Phys Med Biol 56(24):7725-7735, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 22085829.
- Li H, Dong L, Zhang L, Yang JN, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. Toward a better understanding of the gamma index: Investigation of parameters with a surface-based distance method. Med Phys 38(12):6730-41, 2011. PMID: 22149855.
- Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Song X, Johnson JL, Ciangaru G, Taylor MB, Lii M, Martin C, Arjomandy B, Lee AK, Choi S, Nguyen QN, Gillin MT, Sahoo N. Patient-specific quality assurance for prostate cancer patients receiving spot scanning proton therapy using single-field uniform dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81(2):552-559, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21300457.
- Huang JY, Newhauser WD, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Kudchadker RJ. Investigation of dose perturbations and the radiographic visibility of potential fiducials for proton radiation therapy of the prostate. Phys Med Biol 56(16):5287-302, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21799236.
- Suzuki K, Gillin MT, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Lippy D. Quantitative analysis of beam delivery parameters and treatment process time for proton beam therapy. Med Phys 38(7):4329-4337, 2011. PMID: 21859034.
- Siochi RA, Balter P, Bloch CD, Santanam L, Blodgett K, Curran BH, Engelsman M, Feng W, Mechalakos J, Pavord D, Simon T, Sutlieff S, Zhu XR. A rapid communication from the AAPM Task Group 201: Recommendations for the QA of external beam radiotherapy data transfer. AAPM TG 201: Quality assurance of external beam radiotherapy data transfer. J Appl Clin Med Phys 22(1):170-181, 2011. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 21330992.
- Li H, Lee AK, Johnson JL, Zhu RX, Kudchadker RJ. Characterization of dose impact on IMRT and VMAT from couch attenuation for two Varian couches. J Appl Clin Med Phys 12(3):3471, 2011. e-Pub 2011. PMID: 21844859.
- Cheung J, Kudchadker RJ, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Newhauser WD. Dose perturbations and image artifacts caused by carbon-coated ceramic and stainless steel fiducials used in proton therapy for prostate cancer. Phys Med Biol 55(23):7135-47, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 21076190.
- Li H, Zhang L, Dong L, Sahoo N, Gillin MT, Zhu XR. A CT-based software tool for evaluating compensator quality in passively scattered proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 55(22):6759-6771, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 21030745.
- Meyer J, Bluett J, Amos R, Levy L, Choi S, Nguyen QN, Zhu XR, Gillin M, Lee A. Spot scanning proton beam therapy for prostate cancer: treatment planning technique and analysis of consequences of rotational and translational alignment errors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78(2):428-34, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20100641.
- Sawakuchi GO, Mirkovic D, Perles LA, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Ciangaru G, Suzuki K, Gillin MT, Mohan R, Titt U. An MCNPX Monte Carlo model of a discrete spot scanning proton beam therapy nozzle. Med Phys 37(9):4960-4970, 2010. PMID: 20964215.
- Sawakuchi GO, Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Suzuki K, Ciangaru G, Titt U, Anand A, Mohan R, Gillin MT, Sahoo N. Experimental characterization of the low-dose envelope of spot scanning proton beams. Phys Med Biol 55(12):3467-3478, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20508318.
- Wang X, Sahoo N, Zhu RX, Zullo JR, Gillin MT. Measurement of neutron dose equivalent and its dependence on beam configuration for a passive scattering proton delivery system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76(5):1563-70, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20097484.
- Yang M, Virshup G, Clayton J, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Dong L. Theoretical variance analysis of single- and dual-energy computed tomography methods for calculating proton stopping power ratios of biological tissues. Phys Med Biol 55(5):1343-1362, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20145291.
- Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Zhang X, Robertson D, Li H, Choi S, Lee AK, Gillin MT. Intensity modulated proton therapy treatment planning using single field optimization: the impact of monitor unit constraints on plan quality. Med Phys 37(3):1210-1219, 2010. PMID: 20384258.
- Sawakuchi GO, Titt U, Mirkovic D, Ciangaru G, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Gillin MT, Mohan R. Monte Carlo investigation of the low-dose envelope from scanned proton pencil beams. Phys Med Biol 55(3):711-21, 2010. e-Pub 2010. PMID: 20071752.
- Gillin MT, Sahoo N, Bues M, Ciangaru G, Sawakuchi G, Poenisch F, Arjomandy B, Martin C, Titt U, Suzuki K, Smith AR, Zhu XR. Commissioning of the discrete spot scanning proton beam delivery system at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Proton Therapy Center, Houston. Med Phys 37(1):154-163, 2010. PMID: 20175477.
- Zullo JR, Kudchadker RJ, Zhu XR, Sahoo N, Gillin MT. LIF TLD-100 as a dosimeter in high energy proton beam therapy-Can it yield accurate results?. Med Dosim 35(1):63-6, 2010. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19931017.
- Arjomandy B, Sahoo N, Ciangaru G, Zhu XR , Song XR , Gillin MT. Verification of patient-specific dose distributions in proton radiotherapy using a two-dimensional commercial ion chamber array. Med Phys 37:5831-5837, 2010.
- Ciangaru G, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Sawakuchi GO, Gillin MT. Computation of doses for large-angle Coulomb scattering of proton pencil beams. Phys Med Biol 54(24):7285–7300, 2009. e-Pub 2009. PMID: 19926912.
- Smith A, Gillin M, Bues M, Zhu XR, Suzuki K, Mohan R, Woo S, Lee A, Komaki R, Cox J, Hiramoto K, Akiyama H, Ishida T, Sasaki T, Matsuda K. The M. D. Anderson proton therapy system. Med Phys 36(9):4068-4083, 2009. PMID: 19810479.
- Arjomandy B, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Zullo JR, Wu RY, Zhu M, Ding X, Martin C, Ciangaru G, Gillin MT. An overview of the comprehensive proton therapy machine quality assurance procedures implemented at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Proton Therapy Center-Houston. Med Phys 36(6):2269-2282, 2009. PMID: 19610316.
- Giebeler A, Fontenot J, Balter P, Ciangaru G, Zhu XR, Newhauser W. Dose perturbations from by implanted helical gold markers in proton therapy of prostate cancer. J App Clin Med Phys 10(1):63-70, 2009.
- Li H, Mawlawi OS, Zhu XR, and Zheng Y. Blind Deblurring Reconstruction Technique with Applications in PET Imaging. Int J Biomed Imag 2009(78157):1-6, 2009.
- Li H, Mohan R, Zhu XR. Scatter kernel estimation with an edge-spread function method for cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Phys Med Biol 53(23):6729-48, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18997269.
- Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Arjomandy B, Ciangaru G, Lii M, Amos R, Wu R, Gillin MT. A procedure for calculation of monitor units for passively scattered proton radiotherapy beams. Med Phys 35(11):5088-97, 2008. PMID: 19070243.
- Titt U, Sahoo N, Ding X, Zheng Y, Newhauser WD, Zhu XR, Polf JC, Gillin MT, Mohan R. Assessment of the accuracy of an MCNPX-based Monte Carlo simulation model for predicting three-dimensional absorbed dose distributions. Phys Med Biol 53(16):4455-4470, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18670050.
- Li H, Zhu XR, Zhang L, Dong L, Tung S, Ahamad A, Chao KS, Morrison WH, Rosenthal DI, Schwartz DL, Mohan R, Garden AS. Comparison of 2D radiographic images and 3D cone beam computed tomography for positioning head-and-neck radiotherapy patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71(3):916-25, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18395358.
- Yang M, Virshup G, Mohan R, Shaw CC, Zhu XR, Dong L. Improving accuracy of electron density measurement in the presence of metallic implants using orthovoltage computed tomography. Med Phys 35(5):1932-1941, 2008. PMID: 18561669.
- Zhu XR, Gillin MT. Effect of output variation with dose rate on the Virtual Wedge factor. J Appl Clin Med Phys 9(1):54-58, 2008. e-Pub 2008. PMID: 18449167.
- Li Y, Zhang X, Lii M, Sahoo N, Zhu XR, Gillin MT, Mohan R. Incorporating partial shining effects in proton pencil beam dose calculation. Phys Med Biol 53:605-616, 2008.
- Kang Y, Zhang X, Chang JY, Wang H, Wei X, Liao Z, Komaki R, Cox JD, Balter PA, Liu H, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Dong L. 4D Proton treatment planning strategy for mobile lung tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67(3):906-14, 2007. PMID: 17293240.
- Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhu XR, Lee AK, Chambers M, Dong L. Reducing metal artifacts in cone-beam CT images by preprocessing projection data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67(3):924-32, 2007. e-Pub 2006. PMID: 17161556.
- Zhang X, Dong L, Lee A, Cox J, Kuban DA, Zhu XR, Wang X, Li Y, Newhauser WD, Gillin M, Mohan R.. Effect of anatomic motion on proton therapy dose distributions in prostate cancer treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67:620-629, 2007. e-Pub 2007.
- Lu J, Guerrero TM, Munro P, Jeung A, Chi PM, Balter P, Zhu XR, Mohan R and Pan T. Four dimensional cone beam CT with adaptive gantry rotation and adaptive data sampling. Med Phys 34(9):3520-3529, 2007. PMID: 17926955.
- Wang D, Schultz CJ, Jursinic PA, Bialkowski M, Zhu XR, Brown WD, Rand SD, Michel MA, Campbell BH, Wong S, Li XA, Wilson JF. Initial experience of FDG-PET/CT guided IMRT of head-and-neck carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(1):143-51, 2006. PMID: 16618577.
- Zhang L, Garden AS, Lo J, Ang KK, Ahamad A, Morrison WH, Rosenthal DI, Chambers MS, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Dong L. Multiple regions-of-interest analysis of setup uncertainties for head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64(5):1559-69, 2006. PMID: 16580505.
- Zhu XR, Kang Y, Gillin MT. Measurement of in-air output ratios for a linear accelerator with and without the flattening filter. Med Phys 33:3723-3733, 2006.
- Stevens CW, Wong PF, Rice D, Jeter M, Forster K, Zhu XR. Treatment planning system evaluation for mesothelioma IMRT. Lung Cancer 49 Suppl 1:S75-81, 2005. PMID: 15950806.
- York ED, Alecu R, Ding L, Fontenla DP, Kalend AM, Kaurin DG, Masterson-McGary ME, Saini AS, Shi J, Simon WE, Zhu TC, Zhu XR. Diode In-vivo dosimetry for patients receiving external beam radiation therapy. AAPM Report No. 87, 2005.
- Zhu XR, Gillin MT. Derivation of the distribution of extrafocal radiation for head scatter factor calculation. Med Phys 32:351-9, 2005. PMID: 15789579.
- Zhu XR, Prado K, Liu HH, Guerrero TM, Jeter M, Liao Z, Rice D, Forster K, Stevens CW. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for mesothelioma: impact of multileaf collimator leaf width and pencil beam size on planning quality and delivery efficiency. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62(5):1525-34, 2005. PMID: 16029815.
- Zhu XR Schultz CS, Gillin MT. Planning quality and delivery efficiency of sMLC delivered IMRT treatment of oropharyngeal cancers evaluated by RTOG H-0022 dosimetric criteria. J Appl Clin Med Phys 5(4):80-95, 2004. e-Pub 2004. PMID: 15738923.
- Zhu XR, Yoo S, Jursinic PA, Grimm DF, Lopez F, Rownd JJ, Gillin MT. Characteristics of sensitometric curves of radiographic films. Med Phys 30(5):912-919, 2003. PMID: 12773000.
- Yoo S, Grimm DF, Zhu XR, Jursinic PA, Lopez F, Rownd JJ, Gillin MT. Clinical Implementation of AAPM TG61 new protocol for kilovoltage x-ray radiation therapy beams. Med Phys 29:2269-2273, 2002.
- Zhu XR, Gillin MT, Ehlers K, Lopez F, Grimm DF, Rownd JJ, Steinberg TH. Dependence of Virtual wedge factor on dose calibration and monitor units. Med Phys 28(2):174-177, 2001. PMID: 11243340.
- Zhu XR, Gillin MT, Jursinic PA, Lopez F, Grimm DF, Rownd JJ. Comparison of dosimetric characteristics of Siemens Virtual and physical wedges. Med Phys 27(10):2267-2277, 2000. PMID: 11099193.
- Miften M, Zhu XR, Takahashi K, Lopez F, Gillin MT. Implementation and verification of virtual wedge in a three-dimensional radiotherapy planning system. Med Phys 27(7):1635-43, 2000. PMID: 10947267.
- Zhu XR, Allen JJ, Shi J, Simon WE. Total scatter factors and tissue maximum ratios for small radiosurgery fields: comparison of diode detectors, a parallel-plate ion chamber, and radiographic film. Med Phys 27(3):472-477, 2000. PMID: 10757599.
- Zhu XR. Entrance dose measurements for in-vivo dosimetry: comparison of correction factors for two types of commercial silicon diode detectors. J App Clin Med Phys 1:100-107, 2000.
- Hansen RL, Zhu XR, Harris JM. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy with Patterned Photoexcitation for Measuring Solution Diffusion Coefficients of Robust Fluorophores. Anal Chem 70:1281-1287, 1998.
- Klein EE, Gerber R, Zhu XR, Oehmke F, Purdy JA. Multiple machine implementation of enhanced dynamic wedge. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40:977-85, 1998. PMID: 9531384.
- Tinger A, Michalski JM, Cheng A, Low DA, Zhu XR, Bosch WR, Purdy JA, Perez CA. A critical evaluation of the planning target volume for 3-D conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:213-221, 1998.
- Zhu XR, Klein EE, Low DA. Geometric and dosimetric analysis of multileaf collimation conformity. Radiother Oncol 47:63-8, 1998. PMID: 9632294.
- Low DA, Zhu XR, Purdy JA, Soderstrom S. The influence of angular misalignment on fixed-portal intensity modulated radiation therapy. Med Phys 24:1123-39, 1997. PMID: 9243475.
- Low DA, Zhu XR, Harms WB, Purdy JA. Measurement of a photon penumbra-generating kernel for a convolution-adapted ratio-TAR algorithm for 3D treatment planning. Med Phys 22(9):1395-403, 1995. PMID: 8531864.
- Zhu XR, Low DA, Harms WB, Purdy JA. A convolution-adapted ratio-TAR algorithm for 3D photon beam treatment planning. Med Phys 22(8):1315-27, 1995. PMID: 7476719.
- Cambron RT, Zhu XR, Harris JM. Evaluating Rates and Yields of Second-order, Photoinitiated Reactions under Conditions of Gaussian-profile Excitation. J Phys Chem 98:8726-8733, 1994.
- Zulli SL, Kovaleski JM, Zhu XR, Harris JM, Wirth MJ. Lateral Diffusion of an Adsorbate at a Chromatographic C18/Water Interface. Anal Chem 66:66, 1994.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Formation, Relaxation, and Quenching of Br2 Excited States in CCl4. J Phys Chem 97:6650-6655, 1993.
- Zhu XR, McGraw DJ, Harris JM. Holographic Spectroscopy: Diffraction from Laser-induced Gratings. Anal Chem 64:710A-719A, 1992.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Photodissociation and Nongeminate Recombination of Bromine in Liquids Initiated by 532 nm Radiation. Chem Phys Lett 186:183-188, 1991.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Photothermal Grating Spectroscopy Study of Nongeminate Atom Recombination of Photodissociated Iodine in Liquids. Chem Phys 157:409-422, 1991.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Studies of Excited-state Absorption and photoisomerization of Cyanine Dye Molecules by Laser-induced Anharmonic Thermal Gratings. Chem Phys 142:301-309, 1990.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Diffraction from Anharmonic Gaussian Volume Gratings Calculated by Two-dimensional Fourier Transform to Evaluate Optical Nonlinear Absorption. J Opt Soc Am B7:796-802, 1990.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Nonlinear Absorption By All-trans-b-carotene Studied by Diffraction from Laser-induced Anharmonic Thermal Gratings. J Phys Chem 93:75-83, 1989.
- Zhu XR, Harris JM. Influence of Photoisomerization on Saturated Absorption of 3,3'-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide (DODCI) Studied by Diffraction from Laser-induced Anharmonic Thermal Gratings. Chem Phys 124:321-332, 1988.
- Wang CH Zhu XR, Shen JC. Angular and Temperature Dependence of Depolarized and Polarized Rayleigh-Brillouin Spectra of a Supercooled Liquid: o-terphenyl. Mol Phys 62:749-764, 1987.
- Zhu XR, Wang CH. Homodyne Photon-correlation Spectroscopy of a supercooled liquid: 1,3,5-tri-a-Naphthyle Benzene. J Chem Phys 84:6086-6090, 1986.
- Liang DF, Vazquez I, Gronberg M, Zhang X, Zhu ZR, Frank SJ, Court LE, Martel M, and Yang M. Deep Learning–Based Statistical Robustness Evaluation of Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Phys Med Biol.
Book Chapters
- Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Sahoo N, and Gillin MT. Clinical Commissioning of Pencil Beam Scanning for Intensity-modulated Proton Therapy. In: Proton Therapy. Elsevier: Philadelphia, St. Louis and New York, 2020.
- Guatam A, Wu R, Zhu XR, and Poenisch F. Immobilization and Simulation. In: Proton Therapy. Elsevier: Philadelphia, St. Louis and New York, 2020.
- Gillin MT, Hojo Y, Sahoo N and Zhu XR. Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Patient Treatments. In: Proton Therapy. Elsevier: Philadelphia, St. Louis and New York, 2020.
- Zhu XR, Frank SJ, Palmer M. Technological Advancements in Proton Therapy. In: Proton Therapy. Elsevier: Philadelphia, St. Louis and New York, 2020.
- Sahoo N, Sawakuchi GO, Gillin MT and Zhu XR. Radiation Dosimetry of Proton Beams. In: Particle Radiotherapy - Emerging Technology for Treatment of Cancer. Springer: New Delhi, 77-94, 2016.
- Zhu XR, Poenisch F, Li H, Zhang X, Sahoo N, and Gillin MT. Field Shaping: Scanning Beam. In: Principles and Practices of Proton Beam Therapy. Medical Physics Publishing: Madison, WI, 209-228, 2015.
- Li H, Giebeler A, Dong L, Zhang X, Poenisch F, Sahoo N, Gillin MT and Zhu XR. Treatment planning for passive scatterng proton therapy. In: Principles and Practices of Proton Beam Therapy. Medical Physics Publishing: Madison, WI, 647-665, 2015.
- Mohan R, Zhu XR, and Paganetti H. Dose Calculation for proton beam therapy: Semi-empirical analytical methods. In: Principles and Practices of Proton Beam Therapy. Medical Physics Publishing: Madison, WI, 595-622, 2015.
- Sahoo N, Gautam AS, Poenisch F, Zhu XR, Li H, Zhang X, Wu R, Beddar S, and Gillin MT. In vivo Dosimetry for proton therapy. In: Principles and Practices of Proton Beam Therapy, 795-817, 2015.
- Gillin MT, Zhu XR, and Sahoo N. Considerations for an Effective Quality Assurance Program for Proton Therapy. In: Ion Beam Therapy Fundamentals, Technology, Clinical Applications. Springer: Heidelberg, 471-485, 2012.
- Dong L, Cheung J and Zhu XR. Image-guided Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy. In: Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy. CRC Press;: Boca Raton, FL, 127-150, 2012.
Books (edited and written)
- Frank SJ and Zhu XR. Proton Therapy - Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Elsevier: Philadelphia, St. Louis and New York, 2020.
Grant & Contract Support
Title: | Evaluation of Enhanced Spot Beam Model for IMPT and Production of Library of Reference Measured Dose Distribution Data for Evaluation of Future Enhancements of IMPT Treatment Planning System |
Funding Source: | Varian Medical Systems |
Role: | Co-project leader |
Title: | Improve Cone beam imaging quality for image-guided radiation therapy |
Funding Source: | Varian Medical Systems |
Role: | Project Leader |
Title: | In-Situ PET Imaging for Adaptive Proton Therapy |
Funding Source: | CPRIT |
Role: | Collaborator |
Title: | Road to PET Image-Based On-Line Proton Beam Range Measurement (R21) |
Funding Source: | NIH/NCI |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | Minimizing dose uncertainty for spot scanning proton beam of moving tumors by optimization of the spot delivery sequence |
Funding Source: | Varian Medical Systems |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | Predict and Adapt for Dose Variation in Spot Scanning Proton Therapy from Setup and Anatomical Change |
Funding Source: | Varian Medical System |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | Novel On-line PET Based Intra-Beam Range Verification and Delivery Optimization for Improved Particle Radiation Therapy (R01) |
Funding Source: | NIH/NCRR |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | High-Precision Proton Therapy for Liver Cancer: Developing an End-to-end Strategy with Real-time Marker-less Liver Tumor Localization and On-the-fly Plan Delivery Adaptation (R01) |
Funding Source: | NIH/NCI |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | Rusalatide Acetate (TP508) Mitigation of Genotoxic Radiation Damage in Human Lens Epithelial Cells |
Funding Source: | Affirmed Pharma, Inc |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Title: | Investigating the Effect of FLASH-Radiotherapy on Tumor and Normal Tissue (R21) |
Funding Source: | NIH/NCI |
Role: | Co-Investigator |
Patient Reviews
CV information above last modified October 28, 2024